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| Family: Hahniidae (Lesser Cobweb Spiders) |
| Biology: This is a fairly small, clearly defined family due to the peculiar arrangement of the spinners in a transverse row. The family is represented with ca. 235 species in 26 genera. They are found in most parts of the world but are missing in some arctic areas as well as being unrecorded from some smaller islands and archipelagos. The members of Hahniidae are small to medium sized spiders ranging from 1.3-6 mm body size. They are usually found close to the ground where they construct small sheet webs in low vegetation, amongst stones, and moss or across small depressions on the ground. The spider hunts on the upper side of the sheet and apparently uses no retreat. |
| Characters of family: The members of Hahniidae belong to the group of entelegyne ecribellate spider families having 8 eyes and 3 tarsal claws. The eyes are equal-sized and arranged in 2 rows of 4 with both eye rows slightly procurved. The most important character for this family is the transversely arranged row of spinners being clearly visible with a lens. The outermost (posterior) pair of spinners is long and two-segmented. The carapace is longer than wide and narrowed in head region. Sometimes there are indistinct striae radiating from the short fovea and in front of this the head region often shows reticulations. The carapace is very glossy in many species due to lack of hairs except for some forward directed ones in the midline of the head region. Lateral side of chelicerae with stridulating ridges, these are more strongly developed in males. The labium is wider than long. The legs are short but nevertheless they are fast runners. There are few spines and the trichobothria are arranged in a row as in the Agelenidae in which family some genera of Hahniidae used to belong. The female palp is furnished with a claw, which is usually toothless. The abdomen is oval and often uniformly coloured in shades of brown with some lighter coloured species having clear chevrons while these are being more indistinct in darker species. The tracheal spiracle is situated one-third to halfway from the spinners to the epigastric fold. The epigyne is flat and small. Often curved ducts and spermathecae are visible and the overall impression is rather characteristic for the family despite great variation in the shape of epigynes between species. The male palp is furnished with both a patellar and a tibial apophysis and the shape of both are important characters when identifying species under the stereomicroscope. |
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| Genus: Antistea Simon, 1898 |
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| Antistea elegans (Blackwall, 1841) |
| Range: Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France (Corsica), France (Mainland), Germany, Great Britain (Mainland), Great Britain (Northern Ireland), Hungary, Ireland, Italy (Mainland), Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Macedonia, Netherlands, Norway (Mainland), Poland, Portugal (Mainland), Romania, Russia (Central European), Russia (Eastern European), Russia (Kaliningrad Region), Russia (Northern European), Russia (NW. European), Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain (Mainland), Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Europe, Russia (Platnick 10.0). |
 Female. |
 Female. |
 Male. |
 Female. |
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| Antistea elegans propinqua (Simon, 1875) |
| Range: France (Mainland) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: France (Platnick 10.0). |
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| Genus: Cryphoeca Thorell, 1870 |
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| Cryphoeca brignolii Thaler, 1980 |
| Range: Italy (Mainland), Switzerland (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Switzerland, Italy (Platnick 10.0). |
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| Cryphoeca carpathica Herman, 1879 |
| Range: Poland, Romania, Slovakia (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Eastern Europe (Platnick 10.0). |
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| Cryphoeca cavicola Caporiacco, 1938 (Nomen dubium) |
| Global range: Italy (Platnick 10.0). |
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| Cryphoeca latitans Menge, 1871 (Nomen dubium) |
| Global range: No data (Platnick 10.0). |
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| Cryphoeca lichenum L. Koch, 1876 |
| Range: Austria, Germany, Italy (Mainland) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Germany, Austria (Platnick 10.0). |
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| Cryphoeca lichenum nigerrima Thaler, 1978 |
| Range: Austria, Germany (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Germany, Austria (Platnick 10.0). |
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| Cryphoeca nivalis Schenkel, 1919 |
| Range: Austria, Italy (Mainland), Liechtenstein, Switzerland (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Switzerland, Austria, Italy (Platnick 10.0). |
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| Cryphoeca pirini (Drensky, 1921) |
| Range: Bulgaria, Macedonia (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Bulgaria, Turkey (Platnick 10.0). |
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| Cryphoeca silvicola (C. L. Koch, 1834) |
| Range: Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France (Mainland), Germany, Great Britain (Mainland), Great Britain (Northern Ireland), Greece (Mainland), Hungary, Ireland, Italy (Mainland), Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Netherlands, Norway (Mainland), Poland, Romania, Russia (Central European), Russia (Eastern European), Russia (Kaliningrad Region), Russia (Northern European), Russia (NW. European), Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain (Mainland), Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, Yugoslavia (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Palearctic (Platnick 10.0). |
 Male. |
 Male. |
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| Genus: Cryphoecina Deltshev, 1997 |
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| Cryphoecina deelemanae Deltshev, 1997 |
| Range: Yugoslavia (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Montenegro (Platnick 10.0). |
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| Genus: Dirksia Chamberlin & Ivie, 1942 |
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| Dirksia pyrenaea (Simon, 1898) |
| Range: France (Mainland), Spain (Mainland) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: France (Platnick 10.0). |
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| Genus: Hahnia C. L. Koch, 1841 |
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| Characters of genus: The carapace is longer than broad. Lateral sides of chelicers are straight. The tracheal spiracle is situated about two-fifth of distance from the spinners to the epigastric fold. There is no colulus. |
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| Hahnia caeca (Georgescu & Sarbu, 1992) |
| Range: Romania (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Romania (Platnick 10.0). |
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| Hahnia candida Simon, 1875 |
| Range: Belgium, Bulgaria, France (Mainland), Germany, Great Britain (Mainland), Greece (Crete), Greece (Mainland), Italy (Mainland), Netherlands, Poland, Portugal (Mainland), Romania, Slovenia?, Spain (Mainland), Switzerland (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Europe, North Africa, Israel (Platnick 10.0). |
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| Hahnia difficilis Harm, 1966 |
| Range: Austria, Czech Republic, France (Mainland), Germany, Italy (Mainland), Liechtenstein, Romania, Slovakia, Switzerland (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Central Europe (Platnick 10.0). |
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| Hahnia glacialis Sørensen, 1898 |
| Size: Female 2.5 mm; male 2 mm. Range: Greenland (Masurik in prep.). Global range: Holarctic (Platnick 10.0). |
 Male. |
 Male. |
 Male. |
 Male. |
 Male. |
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| Hahnia hauseri Brignoli, 1978 |
| Range: Spain (Balearic Islands) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Balearic Is (Platnick 10.0). |
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| Hahnia helveola Simon, 1875 |
| Range: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, France (Mainland), Germany, Great Britain (Mainland), Great Britain (Northern Ireland), Hungary, Ireland, Italy (Mainland), Moldova, Netherlands, Norway (Mainland), Norway (Svalbard & Jan Mayen), Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain (Mainland), Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine? (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Europe (Platnick 10.0). |
 Female. |
 Female. |
 Female. |
 Female. |
 Female. |
 Female. |
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| Hahnia insulana Schenkel, 1938 |
| Range: Portugal (Madeira) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Madeira (Platnick 10.0). |
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| Hahnia linderi Wunderlich, 1992 |
| Range: Spain (Canary Islands) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Canary Is (Platnick 10.0). |
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| Hahnia maginii Brignoli, 1977 |
| Range: Italy (Mainland) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Palearctic (Platnick 10.0). |
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| Hahnia microphthalma Snazell & Duffey, 1980 |
| Range: Germany, Great Britain (Mainland) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: England, Germany, Hungary (Platnick 10.0). |
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| Hahnia molossidis Brignoli, 1979 |
| Range: Greece (Mainland) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Greece (Platnick 10.0). |
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| Hahnia montana (Blackwall, 1841) |
| Size: Female 1.7-2 mm; male 1.5-1.8 mm. Range: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Faroe Islands?, France (Mainland), Germany, Great Britain (Mainland), Great Britain (Northern Ireland), Hungary, Ireland, Italy (Mainland), Latvia, Liechtenstein, Netherlands, Norway (Mainland), Poland, Romania, Russia (NW. European), Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain (Mainland), Sweden, Switzerland, Yugoslavia (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Europe, Russia (Platnick 10.0). |
 Female. |
 Female. |
 Male. |
 Male. |
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| Hahnia nava (Blackwall, 1841) |
| Range: Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France (Mainland), Germany, Great Britain (Mainland), Great Britain (Northern Ireland), Greece (Mainland), Greece (North Aegean Islands), Hungary, Ireland, Italy (Mainland), Latvia, Lithuania, Macedonia, Moldova, Netherlands, Norway (Mainland), Poland, Portugal (Mainland), Romania, Russia (Central European), Russia (Eastern European), Russia (Northern European), Russia (NW. European), Russia (Southern European), Slovakia, Spain (Balearic Islands), Spain (Mainland), Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, Yugoslavia (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Palearctic (Platnick 10.0). |
 Female. |
 Female. |
 Female. |
 Male. |
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| Hahnia ononidum Simon, 1875 |
| Range: Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France (Mainland), Germany, Greece (Mainland), Hungary, Italy (Mainland), Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Macedonia, Moldova, Netherlands, Norway (Mainland), Poland, Romania, Russia (Central European), Russia (Eastern European), Russia (Northern European), Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain (Mainland), Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, Yugoslavia (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: USA, Canada, Europe, Russia (Platnick 10.0). |
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| Hahnia petrobia Simon, 1875 |
| Range: France (Mainland), Germany, Italy (Mainland), Spain (Mainland) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Europe (Platnick 10.0). |
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| Hahnia picta Kulczynski, 1897 |
| Range: Austria, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, France (Mainland), Germany, Hungary, Italy (Mainland)?, Poland, Romania, Russia (Central European), Russia (Eastern European), Slovakia, Ukraine? (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Europe (Platnick 10.0). |
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| Hahnia pusilla C. L. Koch, 1841 |
| Range: Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France (Mainland), Germany, Great Britain (Mainland), Hungary, Ireland, Italy (Mainland), Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Netherlands, Norway (Mainland), Poland, Romania, Russia (Central European), Russia (Eastern European), Russia (Kaliningrad Region), Russia (Northern European), Russia (NW. European), Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, Yugoslavia (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Europe, Russia (Platnick 10.0). |
 Female. |
 Male. |
 Male. |
 Male. |
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| Hahnia rossii Brignoli, 1977 |
| Range: Italy (Mainland) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Italy (Platnick 10.0). |
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| Hahnia sibirica Marusik, Hippa & Koponen, 1996 |
| Range: Russia (Eastern European) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Russia, China (Platnick 10.0). |
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| Hahnia ulyxis Brignoli, 1974 |
| Range: Greece (Mainland) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Greece (Platnick 10.0). |
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| Genus: Iberina Simon, 1881 |
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| Iberina mazarredoi Simon, 1881 |
| Range: France (Mainland), Spain (Mainland) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: France (Platnick 10.0). |
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| Genus: Tuberta Simon, 1884 |
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| Tuberta maerens (O. P.-Cambridge, 1863) |
| Range: Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, France (Mainland), Germany, Great Britain (Mainland), Italy (Mainland)? (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Europe to Azerbaijan (Platnick 10.0). |
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| Tuberta mirabilis (Thorell, 1871) |
| Range: Italy (Mainland) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Italy (Platnick 10.0). |
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