Gnaphosidae

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Images and Species Descriptions

The Spiders of Europe and Greenland

Family: Gnaphosidae (Ground Spiders)

Biology: The Gnaphosidae is the seventh largest spider family of the world encompassing ca. 2000 species in 8 subfamilies and 114 genera. They range in size from small to large (2-18 mm body size). The species are free-living found mailnly at ground level in open habitats but some species are house spiders, for example Scotophaeus blackwalli in the northern parts of its distributional range. They build a tubular retreat, from which they leave at night to hunt prey. The female guard her papery egg sack hidden in small holes under logs, stones, etc. Most species are active at night, however spiders of the somewhat atypical genus Micaria are diurnal hunters running rapidly about in bright sunshine.

Characters of family: The gnaphosids are rather stout ecribellate spiders with a flattened and elongate abdomen. The carapace is ovoid and rather low being smoothly convex and with a distinct fovea in most species. The head is not sharply set off from the thoracic region. Gnaphosids are fairly easily recognized by their cylindrical and parallel spinners, the anterior pair being slightly longer, and more heavily sclerotized than the posterior pair. The anterior spinners are separated from each other by approximately one spinner diameter with some exceptions, e.g. Micaria in which genus anterior spinners are closer. They have 8 eyes in 2 rows. The posterior medial eyes are often not round, but oval, triangular or reduced to slits. All eyes are with a silvery sheen except for the anterior medials, which are dark. The sternum is ovoid, pointed posteriorly. The chelicerae are robust, and the fang furrows are provided with teeth. The retromargin may have a sclerotized lamina (flat, keel-like plate) in place of teeth. This lamina is serrated in some genera. The curvature of the posterior row of eyes and the position and shape of cheliceral lamina and teeth are important characters when keying gnaphosids to genus level under the stereomicroscope. The endites usually have an oblique or transverse depression. They are provided with a serrula (row or cluster of tiny teeth on the front margin). Gnaphosids are also characterized by having 2 tarsal claws, claw tufts, and scopulae. Legs are stout and in some species there are small brushes of more and less stiff hairs present distally on metatarsus IV. Female palp is furnished with small spines and a finely toothed claw. The abdomen is often provided with dense coverage of short sleek hairs giving the abdomen a mousy-like appearance. Sometimes erect, curved setae are present, particularly at the anterior edge (see for example images of Gnaphosa lucifuga). Many species are uniformly coloured in greyish-brown or blackish colours. However, abdomens of some species have striking white patterns of spots or lines while abdomens of others are iridescent. Most males have a scutum at the anterior end. The spiracle is situated close to the spinners. Gnaphosids are entelegyne spiders often having rather large epigynes with sclerotized structures. They are somewhat variable and closely related species may be difficult to identify. Male palps are usually provided with a large tibial apophysis and the shape of this is important when identifying the species.

Genus: Anagraphis Simon, 1893

Anagraphis pallens Simon, 1893

Range: Greece (Crete), Malta (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: South Africa?, Libya, Malta, Syria, Israel, Crete (Platnick 10.0).

Anagraphis pallida (Hadjissarantos, 1940)

Range: Greece (Mainland) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Greece (Platnick 10.0).

Female.

Genus: Aphantaulax Simon, 1878

Aphantaulax albini (Audouin, 1826)

Range: Greece (Mainland)? (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Egypt, Ethiopia (Platnick 10.0).

Aphantaulax cincta (L. Koch, 1866)

Range: Croatia, Czech Republic, France (Corsica), France (Mainland), Greece (Mainland), Hungary, Italy (Mainland), Italy (Sardinia), Italy (Sicily), Malta, Portugal (Mainland), Romania, Slovakia, Spain (Mainland), Ukraine, Yugoslavia (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Europe, North Africa, Israel (Platnick 10.0).

Aphantaulax trifasciata (O. P.-Cambridge, 1872)

Range: Andorra, Bulgaria, Croatia, France (Corsica), France (Mainland), Greece (Dodecanese Islands), Greece (Mainland), Hungary, Italy (Mainland), Italy (Sardinia), Italy (Sicily), Portugal (Mainland), Romania, Russia (Central European), Russia (Southern European), Slovakia, Spain (Balearic Islands), Spain (Mainland), Ukraine, Yugoslavia (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Palearctic (Platnick 10.0).

Female.

Subadult female.

Female.

Aphantaulax trifasciata trimaculata Simon, 1878

Range: France (Mainland), Greece (Mainland), Italy (Mainland) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: France (Platnick 10.0).

Genus: Berinda Roewer, 1928

Berinda aegilia Chatzaki, 2002

Range: Greece (Mainland) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Greece (Platnick 10.0).

Berinda amabilis Roewer, 1928

Range: Greece (Crete), Russia (Southern European) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Crete, Russia, Central Asia (Platnick 10.0).

Berinda ensiger (O. P.-Cambridge, 1874)

Range: Greece (Crete), Greece (Dodecanese Islands), Greece (Mainland), Greece (North Aegean Islands) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Greece, Crete, Turkey (Platnick 10.0).

Genus: Berlandina Dalmas, 1922

Berlandina caspica Ponomarev, 1979

Range: Russia (Southern European) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Russia, Central Asia (Platnick 10.0).

Berlandina charitonovi Ponomarev, 1979

Range: Russia (Southern European) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Russia, Central Asia (Platnick 10.0).

Berlandina cinerea (Menge, 1872)

Range: Andorra, Austria, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Finland, France (Mainland), Germany, Hungary, Lithuania, Macedonia, Poland, Romania, Russia (Central European), Russia (Eastern European), Russia (NW. European), Russia (Southern European), Slovakia, Switzerland, Ukraine (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Europe to Kazakhstan (Platnick 10.0).

Subadult male.

Subadult male, abdominal markings.

Berlandina corcyraea (O. P.-Cambridge, 1874)

Range: Greece (Mainland) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Greece, Corfu (Platnick 10.0).

Female.

Berlandina nubivaga (Simon, 1878)

Range: Bulgaria?, France (Mainland), Italy (Mainland), Macedonia?, Switzerland (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Europe (Platnick 10.0).

Berlandina plumalis (O. P.-Cambridge, 1872)

Range: France (Corsica), Greece (Crete), Greece (Dodecanese Islands), Greece (Mainland), Italy (Mainland), Italy (Sicily), Portugal (Mainland), Spain (Mainland) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: West Africa to Central Asia (Platnick 10.0).

Berlandina shumskyi Kovblyuk, 2003

Range: Ukraine (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Ukraine (Platnick 10.0).

Berlandina spasskyi Ponomarev, 1979

Range: Russia (Southern European) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Russia, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, China (Platnick 10.0).

Genus: Callilepis Westring, 1874

Callilepis cabriolata Franganillo, 1926 (Nomen dubium)

Global range: Spain (Platnick 10.0).

Callilepis concolor Simon, 1914

Range: Bulgaria, France (Mainland), Greece (Crete), Portugal (Mainland), Spain (Mainland) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Southern Europe (Platnick 10.0).

Callilepis cretica (Roewer, 1928)

Range: Bulgaria, Greece (Crete), Greece (Dodecanese Islands), Greece (Mainland) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Greece, Crete, Turkey, Azerbaijan (Platnick 10.0).

Callilepis nocturna (Linnaeus, 1758)

Range: Andorra, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France (Corsica), France (Mainland), Germany, Great Britain (Mainland), Greece (Mainland), Hungary, Italy (Mainland), Italy (Sicily), Latvia, Macedonia, Netherlands, Norway (Mainland), Poland, Portugal (Mainland), Romania, Russia (Central European), Russia (Eastern European), Russia (Northern European), Russia (NW. European), Slovakia, Spain (Mainland), Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, Yugoslavia (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Palearctic (Platnick 10.0).

Female.

Callilepis schuszteri (Herman, 1879)

Range: Austria, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, France (Mainland), Germany, Greece (Mainland), Hungary, Italy (Mainland), Liechtenstein, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Switzerland, Ukraine (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Palearctic (Platnick 10.0).

Genus: Camillina Berland, 1919

Camillina europaea Dalmas, 1922

Range: Italy (Mainland) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Italy (Platnick 10.0).

Camillina metellus (Roewer, 1928)

Range: Greece (Crete), Greece (Dodecanese Islands) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Crete (Platnick 10.0).

Genus: Cesonia Simon, 1893

Cesonia aspida Chatzaki, 2002

Range: Greece (Crete) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Crete (Platnick 10.0).

Genus: Cryptodrassus Miller, 1943

Cryptodrassus creticus Chatzaki, 2002

Range: Greece (Crete) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Crete, Turkey (Platnick 10.0).

Cryptodrassus hungaricus (Balogh, 1935)

Range: Czech Republic, France (Mainland), Hungary, Italy (Mainland), Romania, Slovakia, Switzerland (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Europe (Platnick 10.0).

Genus: Drassodes Westring, 1851

Characters of genus: The abdomen has dense short hairs making the spiders appear mousy. These spiders are mostly reddish-brown to greyish-brown, and resemble spiders from the Clubionidae. However, the spinners are tubular as characteristic of the Gnaphosidae. The members of the genus are distinguished from other gnaphosids by the deeply notched trochanters. The posterior medial eyes are oval. Males have no scutum.

Drassodes acrotirius Roewer, 1928

Range: Greece (Crete) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Crete (Platnick 10.0).

Drassodes albicans (Simon, 1878)

Range: France (Corsica), France (Mainland), Greece (Crete), Greece (Dodecanese Islands), Greece (Mainland), Italy (Mainland), Spain (Mainland) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Mediterranean (Platnick 10.0).

Drassodes alexandrinus (O. P.-Cambridge, 1874)

Range: Greece (Crete)?, Greece (Mainland)? (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Greece, Crete, Libya, Egypt, Israel (Platnick 10.0).

Drassodes assimilatus (Blackwall, 1865)

Range: Spain (Canary Islands) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Canary Is, Cape Verde Is (Platnick 10.0).

Drassodes auritus Schenkel, 1963

Range: Russia (Southern European) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Russia, Kazakhstan, China (Platnick 10.0).

Drassodes bidentatus (Menge, 1875) (Nomen dubium)

Range: Germany (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Germany (Platnick 10.0).

Drassodes canaglensis Caporiacco, 1927

Range: Italy (Mainland), Slovenia? (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Slovenia (Platnick 10.0).

Drassodes cephalotes (Doleschall, 1852) (Nomen dubium)

Range: Austria (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Austria (Platnick 10.0).

Drassodes charcoviae (Thorell, 1875)

Range: Ukraine (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Ukraine (Platnick 10.0).

Drassodes chybyndensis Tuneva & Esyunin, 2002

Range: Russia (Eastern European) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Russia (Platnick 10.0).

Drassodes collingsiae (Blackwall, 1867) (Nomen dubium)

Range: Great Britain (Mainland) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Britain (Platnick 10.0).

Drassodes cupreus (Blackwall, 1834)

Description: Very similar to D. lapidosus. The cephalothorax has a dark borderline. Size: 9-18 mm. Maturity: Females throughout year, males in spring and summer. Habitat: Dry places, such as heather, gravel beds, dunes and dry grassland. Spiders can be found in their retreats by turning stones or searching leaf litter, moss, grass tussucks etc. Range: Andorra, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, France (Mainland), Germany, Great Britain (Mainland), Great Britain (Northern Ireland), Hungary, Ireland, Italy (Mainland), Liechtenstein, Macedonia, Malta, Netherlands, Norway (Mainland), Romania, Russia (Kaliningrad Region), Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain (Mainland), Sweden, Switzerland (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Palearctic (Platnick 10.0).

Female.

Male.

Male abdomen.

Male.

Drassodes decorus (Blackwall, 1870) (Nomen dubium)

Range: Italy (Mainland) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Italy (Platnick 10.0).

Drassodes difficilis (Simon, 1878)

Range: France (Mainland), Italy (Mainland), Slovenia?, Spain (Mainland) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: France (Platnick 10.0).

Drassodes ferrugineus (Blackwall, 1861) (Nomen dubium)

Range: Ireland (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: United Kingdom (Platnick 10.0).

Drassodes fugax (Simon, 1878)

Range: Andorra, France (Mainland), Italy (Mainland), Italy (Sicily), Portugal (Mainland), Slovenia?, Spain (Mainland) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Palearctic (Platnick 10.0).

Drassodes lacertosus (O. P.-Cambridge, 1872)

Range: Greece (Crete), Greece (Cyclades), Greece (Dodecanese Islands), Greece (Mainland), Greece (North Aegean Islands), Russia (Eastern European) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Israel, Syria, Russia (Platnick 10.0).

Drassodes lapidosus (Walckenaer, 1802)

Size: 9-18 mm. Maturity: Females throughout year, males in spring and summer. Range: Andorra, Austria, Belgium, Bosnia/Herzegowina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France (Corsica), France (Mainland), Germany, Great Britain (Channel Islands), Great Britain (Mainland), Great Britain (Northern Ireland), Greece (Mainland), Hungary, Ireland, Italy (Mainland), Italy (Sardinia), Italy (Sicily), Latvia, Liechtenstein, Macedonia, Malta, Moldova, Norway (Mainland), Poland, Portugal (Azores), Portugal (Madeira), Portugal (Mainland), Romania, Russia (Central European), Russia (Eastern European), Russia (Northern European), Russia (Southern European), Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain (Canary Islands), Spain (Mainland), Switzerland, Ukraine, Yugoslavia (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Palearctic (Platnick 10.0).

Male.

Female.

Female abdomen.

Female.

Female with egg cocoon.

Female.

Drassodes lapidosus bidens (Simon, 1878)

Range: France (Mainland), Macedonia (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: France (Platnick 10.0).

Drassodes licenti Schenkel, 1953

Range: Russia (Eastern European) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Mongolia (Platnick 10.0).

Drassodes luteomicans (Simon, 1878)

Range: France (Corsica), France (Mainland), Greece (Crete)?, Greece (Cyclades), Greece (Dodecanese Islands), Greece (Mainland)?, Greece (North Aegean Islands), Italy (Mainland), Portugal (Mainland), Slovenia?, Spain (Mainland) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Southern Europe (Platnick 10.0).

Drassodes lutescens (C. L. Koch, 1839)

Range: Bulgaria, Croatia, France (Corsica), France (Mainland), Greece (North Aegean Islands), Italy (Mainland), Italy (Sardinia), Italy (Sicily), Portugal (Madeira), Portugal (Selvagens Islands), Russia (Central European), Russia (Eastern European), Russia (Southern European), Slovenia?, Spain (Canary Islands), Spain (Mainland), Ukraine, Yugoslavia (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Mediterranean to Pakistan (Platnick 10.0).

Female.

Female abdomen.

Female abdomen with parasitic mites.

Female.

Drassodes mandibularis (L. Koch, 1866)

Range: Russia (Southern European) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Russia (Platnick 10.0).

Drassodes montandonii (Becker, 1879) (Nomen dubium)

Range: Moldova (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Europe (Platnick 10.0).

Drassodes montanus Hahn, 1834) (Nomen dubium)

Range: Germany (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Germany (Platnick 10.0).

Drassodes montenegrinus (Kulczynski, 1897)

Range: Croatia, Yugoslavia (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Croatia, Serbia (Platnick 10.0).

Drassodes murinus (Hahn, 1834) (Nomen dubium)

Range: Czech Republic, Slovakia (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Europe (Platnick 10.0).

Drassodes myogaster (Bertkau, 1880)

Range: Germany (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Germany (Platnick 10.0).

Drassodes natali Esyunin & Tuneva, 2002

Range: Greece (Crete), Russia (Eastern European) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Russia (Platnick 10.0).

Drassodes oreinos Chatzaki, 2002

Global range: Crete (Platnick 10.0).

Drassodes orientalis (L. Koch, 1866)

Range: Russia (Southern European), Ukraine (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Russia, Ukraine (Platnick 10.0).

Drassodes paroculus Simon, 1893

Range: Spain (Mainland)? (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Spain (Platnick 10.0).

Drassodes parvicorpus Roewer, 1951

Range: Spain (Balearic Islands)? (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Mallorca (Platnick 10.0).

Drassodes pavesii (Lebert, 1877) (Nomen dubium)

Range: Switzerland (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Switzerland (Platnick 10.0).

Drassodes placidulus Simon, 1914

Range: France (Mainland), Portugal (Mainland), Romania (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: France (Platnick 10.0).

Drassodes platnicki Song, Zhu & Zhang, 2004

Range: Greece (Dodecanese Islands), Russia (Eastern European) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Russia, Mongolia, China (Platnick 10.0).

Drassodes pubescens (Thorell, 1856)

Description: Similar in general appearance to the other two species of the genus, however slightly paler. The relatively small size of the adults ease species identification. Size: Female 6-8 mm; male 5-7 mm. Maturity: Spring and early summer. Habitat: Dry or somewhat moist habitats such as heather, forest edges and open forests. Range: Andorra, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France (Corsica), France (Mainland), Germany, Great Britain (Mainland), Greece (Crete), Greece (Dodecanese Islands), Greece (Mainland), Hungary, Italy (Mainland), Italy (Sicily), Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Macedonia, Netherlands, Norway (Mainland), Poland, Portugal (Mainland), Romania, Russia (Central European), Russia (Eastern European), Russia (Kaliningrad Region), Russia (Northern European), Russia (NW. European), Russia (Southern European), Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain (Mainland), Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, Yugoslavia (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Palearctic (Platnick 10.0).

Female.

Drassodes reticulatus (Blackwall, 1852)

Range: Great Britain (Mainland) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: England (Platnick 10.0).

Drassodes rhodanicus Simon, 1914

Range: Croatia, France (Mainland) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: France (Platnick 10.0).

Drassodes riedeli Schmidt, 1968

Range: Spain (Canary Islands) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Canary Is (Platnick 10.0).

Drassodes rostratus Esyunin & Tuneva, 2002

Range: Russia (Eastern European) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Russia, Kazakhstan (Platnick 10.0).

Drassodes rubidus (Simon, 1878)

Range: France (Mainland), Italy (Sardinia), Portugal (Mainland), Spain (Mainland) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Spain to Italy (Platnick 10.0).

Drassodes rufus (C. L. Koch, 1839)

Global range: Germany (Platnick 10.0).

Drassodes rugichelis Denis, 1962

Range: Portugal (Madeira) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Madeira (Platnick 10.0).

Drassodes rugulosus Hull, 1951 (Nomen dubium)

Range: Great Britain (Mainland) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: England (Platnick 10.0).

Drassodes saussurei (Lebert, 1877) (Nomen dubium)

Range: Switzerland (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Switzerland (Platnick 10.0).

Drassodes serratichelis (Roewer, 1928)

Range: Greece (Crete), Greece (Dodecanese Islands), Ukraine (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Crete, Israel, USA (Platnick 10.0).

Drassodes serratidens Schenkel, 1963

Range: Yugoslavia? (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Russia, China, Korea, Japan (Platnick 10.0).

Drassodes striatus (L. Koch, 1866)

Range: Croatia, Hungary, Romania, Ukraine?, Yugoslavia (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Balkans (Platnick 10.0).

Drassodes thimei (L. Koch, 1878)

Range: Ukraine (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Turkmenistan (Platnick 10.0).

Drassodes unicolor (O. P.-Cambridge, 1872)

Range: Greece (Crete) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Crete, Libya, Egypt, Lebanon, Israel (Platnick 10.0).

Drassodes villosus (Thorell, 1856)

Range: Austria, Bulgaria, Estonia?, Finland, France (Mainland), Germany, Hungary, Italy (Mainland), Latvia?, Liechtenstein, Lithuania?, Macedonia, Norway (Mainland), Portugal (Mainland), Romania, Russia (Central European), Russia (Eastern European), Russia (Northern European), Russia (NW. European), Russia (Southern European), Slovakia, Slovenia?, Spain (Mainland), Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Palearctic (Platnick 10.0).

Drassodes voigti (Bösenberg, 1899)

Range: Macedonia (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Germany, Balkans (Platnick 10.0).

Genus: Drassodex Murphy, 2007

Drassodex cervinus (Simon, 1914)

Range: France (Mainland), Spain (Mainland) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: France (Platnick 10.0).

Drassodex fritillifer (Simon, 1914)

Range: France (Mainland) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: France (Platnick 10.0).

Drassodex heeri (Pavesi, 1873)

Range: Austria, France (Mainland), Germany, Hungary?, Italy (Mainland), Liechtenstein, Spain (Mainland), Switzerland, Ukraine (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Europe (Platnick 10.0).

Drassodex hispanus (L. Koch, 1866)

Range: France (Mainland), Germany, Italy (Mainland), Italy (Sardinia), Spain (Mainland), Switzerland (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Europe (Platnick 10.0).

Drassodex hispanus lesserti (Schenkel, 1936)

Range: Germany, Switzerland (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Germany, Switzerland (Platnick 10.0).

Drassodex hypocrita (Simon, 1878)

Range: Belgium, Estonia?, France (Mainland), Germany, Hungary?, Italy (Mainland), Latvia?, Lithuania?, Romania, Russia (Central European), Russia (Southern European), Spain (Mainland), Ukraine, Yugoslavia (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Europe, Russia (Platnick 10.0).

Female.

Genus: Drassyllus Chamberlin, 1922

Characters of genus: Posterior medial eyes larger than laterals and in most species oval and oblique. Posterior row of eyes slightly procurved and the medials are closer to each other than to the laterals. Distal end of metatarsi III og IV is furnished with a ventral comb. Mostly dark species resembling species of the Zelotes genus.

Drassyllus crimeaensis Kovblyuk, 2003

Range: Ukraine (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Ukraine (Platnick 10.0).

Drassyllus jubatopalpis Levy, 1998

Range: Greece (North Aegean Islands)? (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Israel (Platnick 10.0).

Drassyllus lutetianus (L. Koch, 1866)

Range: Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France (Mainland), Germany, Great Britain (Mainland), Greece (Mainland), Hungary, Ireland, Italy (Mainland), Latvia, Lithuania, Macedonia, Moldova, Netherlands, Norway (Mainland), Poland, Portugal (Mainland), Romania, Russia (Central European), Russia (Eastern European), Russia (Kaliningrad Region), Russia (Northern European), Russia (NW. European), Russia (Southern European), Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, Yugoslavia (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Europe to Kazakhstan (Platnick 10.0).

Male.

Female.

Drassyllus praeficus (L. Koch, 1866)

Description: Very dark brown or black species with contrasting yellow-orange branchial operculae. Size: Female 5-6 mm; male 4.5-5 mm. Maturity: Spring and Summer. Habitat: Appears to be mainly coastal in Denmark. Seems to prefer dry areas with low vegetation and stones. Range: Andorra, Austria, Belgium, Bosnia/Herzegowina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France (Corsica), France (Mainland), Germany, Great Britain (Mainland), Greece (Crete), Greece (Mainland), Hungary, Italy (Mainland), Italy (Sicily), Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Macedonia, Moldova, Netherlands, Norway (Mainland), Poland, Portugal (Mainland), Romania, Russia (Central European), Russia (Eastern European), Russia (Northern European), Russia (NW. European), Russia (Southern European), Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain (Mainland), Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, Yugoslavia (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Europe to Central Asia (Platnick 10.0).

Female.

Male.

Drassyllus pumiloides Chatzaki, 2003

Range: Greece (Crete) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Crete (Platnick 10.0).

Drassyllus pumilus (C. L. Koch, 1839)

Range: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Finland, France (Mainland), Germany, Greece (Dodecanese Islands), Hungary, Italy (Mainland), Liechtenstein, Macedonia, Moldova, Norway (Mainland), Poland, Romania, Russia (Eastern European), Russia (Southern European), Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, Yugoslavia (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Europe to Central Asia (Platnick 10.0).

Drassyllus pusillus (C. L. Koch, 1833)

Range: Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France (Mainland), Germany, Great Britain (Channel Islands), Great Britain (Mainland), Great Britain (Northern Ireland), Greece (Mainland), Hungary, Ireland, Italy (Mainland), Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Macedonia, Malta, Moldova, Netherlands, Norway (Mainland), Poland, Romania, Russia (Central European), Russia (Eastern European), Russia (Kaliningrad Region), Russia (Northern European), Russia (NW. European), Russia (Southern European), Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain (Mainland), Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, Yugoslavia (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Palearctic (Platnick 10.0).

Male.

Female.

Female, note pale metatarsi og tarsi.

Drassyllus sur Tuneva & Esyunin, 2003

Range: Russia (Eastern European) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Russia (Platnick 10.0).

Drassyllus villicus (Thorell, 1875)

Range: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, France (Mainland), Germany, Hungary, Italy (Mainland), Macedonia, Portugal (Mainland), Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain (Mainland), Switzerland, Yugoslavia (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Europe (Platnick 10.0).

Drassyllus vinealis (Kulczynski, 1897)

Range: Czech Republic, Hungary, Russia (Eastern European), Russia (Southern European), Slovakia, Ukraine (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Palearctic (Platnick 10.0).

Genus: Echemus Simon, 1878

Echemus angustifrons (Westring, 1861)

Range: Austria, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, France (Mainland), Germany, Hungary, Italy (Mainland), Italy (Sicily), Liechtenstein, Macedonia, Norway (Mainland), Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, Yugoslavia (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Europe to Central Asia (Platnick 10.0).

Echemus angustifrons balticus (Lohmander, 1942)

Range: Sweden (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Sweden (Platnick 10.0).

Echemus modestus Kulczynski, 1899

Range: Portugal (Madeira) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Madeira (Platnick 10.0).

Genus: Gnaphosa Latreille, 1804

Characters of genus: Most species with dark brown cephalothorax. The abdomes is either dark brown, greyish-black or black, thickly covered with grey hairs. The genus is characterized by having the posterior row of eyes recurved.

Gnaphosa alacris Simon, 1878

Range: Andorra, Croatia, France (Corsica), France (Mainland), Italy (Mainland), Italy (Sicily), Spain (Mainland) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: France, Italy, Croatia, Morocco (Platnick 10.0).

Subadult male.

Male.

Female.

Gnaphosa alpica Simon, 1878

Range: Austria, France (Mainland), Hungary, Italy (Mainland), Switzerland (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Europe (Platnick 10.0).

Gnaphosa atramentaria Simon, 1878

Range: France (Mainland) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: France (Platnick 10.0).

Gnaphosa badia (L. Koch, 1866)

Range: Andorra, Austria, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, France (Mainland), Germany, Italy (Mainland), Liechtenstein, Russia (Central European), Russia (Eastern European), Russia (NW. European), Slovenia, Spain (Mainland), Switzerland, Ukraine (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Europe to Azerbaijan (Platnick 10.0).

Gnaphosa balearicola Strand, 1942

Range: Spain (Balearic Islands) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Balearic Is (Platnick 10.0).

Gnaphosa basilicata Simon, 1882

Range: Italy (Mainland) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Italy (Platnick 10.0).

Gnaphosa betpaki Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992

Range: Russia (Eastern European) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Russia, Kazakhstan (Platnick 10.0).

Gnaphosa bicolor (Hahn, 1833)

Range: Austria, Belarus, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France (Mainland), Germany, Greece (Mainland), Hungary, Italy (Mainland), Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Macedonia, Norway (Mainland), Poland, Romania, Russia (Central European), Russia (Eastern European), Russia (Northern European), Russia (NW. European), Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, Yugoslavia (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Europe to Georgia (Platnick 10.0).

Male.

Exuvium.

Juvenile.

Female.

Gnaphosa bithynica Kulczynski, 1903

Range: Greece (Crete) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Crete, Turkey (Platnick 10.0).

Gnaphosa cantabrica Simon, 1914

Range: France (Mainland), Spain (Mainland) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Spain, France (Platnick 10.0).

Gnaphosa corticola Simon, 1914

Range: France (Mainland) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: France (Platnick 10.0).

Gnaphosa cumensis Ponomarev, 1981

Range: Russia (Southern European), Ukraine (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Ukraine, Russia, Mongolia (Platnick 10.0).

Gnaphosa dolosa Herman, 1879

Range: Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus?, France (Mainland), Greece (Crete), Italy (Mainland), Macedonia, Romania, Russia (Eastern European), Russia (Southern European), Ukraine, Yugoslavia (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Palearctic (Platnick 10.0).

Gnaphosa explicator Drensky, 1929

Global range: Balkans (Platnick 10.0).

Gnaphosa fallax Herman, 1879

Range: Hungary, Romania?, Slovakia? (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Hungary (Platnick 10.0).

Gnaphosa fumosa (C. L. Koch, 1843) (Nomen dubium)

Range: Sweden (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Europe (Platnick 10.0).

Gnaphosa iberica Simon, 1878

Range: Andorra, Spain (Mainland) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Spain (Platnick 10.0).

Gnaphosa immatura Strand, 1942 (Nomen dubium)

Global range: England (Platnick 10.0).

Gnaphosa inconspecta Simon, 1878

Range: Austria, Czech Republic, France (Mainland), Germany, Italy (Mainland), Slovenia, Spain (Mainland) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Palearctic (Platnick 10.0).

Gnaphosa jucunda Thorell, 1875

Range: Ukraine (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Russia, Ukraine (Platnick 10.0).

Gnaphosa lapponum (L. Koch, 1866)

Description: Carapace yellow brown to dark brown. the chelicerae are dark. The abdomen is greyish brown to almost black. The anterior spinners are long and cylindrical. Size: Female 8-10 mm; male 7-9 mm. Range: Belarus, Czech Republic, Finland, France (Mainland), Iceland, Italy (Mainland), Liechtenstein, Norway (Mainland), Russia (Eastern European), Russia (Kaliningrad Region), Russia (Northern European), Russia (NW. European), Sweden, Switzerland (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Also known from Greenland (Masurik in prep.). Global range: Europe to Central Asia (Platnick 10.0).

Gnaphosa lapponum inermis Strand, 1899

Range: Norway (Mainland) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Norway (Platnick 10.0).

Gnaphosa leporina (L. Koch, 1866)

Description: Overall brownish with cephalothorax darker than the abdomen and legs. Size: Female 7-9 mm; male 5.5-7 mm. Maturity: Summer Habitat: Moist heather. Range: Andorra, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France (Mainland), Germany, Great Britain (Mainland), Italy (Mainland), Latvia, Liechtenstein, Netherlands, Norway (Mainland), Romania, Russia (Eastern European), Russia (Northern European), Russia (Southern European), Spain (Mainland), Sweden, Switzerland (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Palearctic (Platnick 10.0).

Female.

Subadult male.

Female.

Male.

Gnaphosa limbata Strand, 1900

Range: Norway (Mainland)? (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Norway (Platnick 10.0).

Gnaphosa lonai Caporiacco, 1949

Range: Italy (Sicily) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Italy (Platnick 10.0).

Gnaphosa lucifuga (Walckenaer, 1802)

Range: Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, France (Mainland), Germany, Greece (Mainland), Hungary, Italy (Mainland), Italy (Sardinia), Italy (Sicily), Latvia, Macedonia, Moldova, Norway (Mainland), Poland, Romania, Russia (Central European), Russia (Eastern European), Russia (Northern European), Russia (NW. European), Russia (Southern European), Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain (Mainland), Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, Yugoslavia (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Palearctic (Platnick 10.0).

Male.

Gnaphosa luctifica Simon, 1879

Range: France (Mainland), Hungary (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: France (Platnick 10.0).

Gnaphosa lugubris (C. L. Koch, 1839)

Range: Andorra, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia, France (Mainland), Germany, Great Britain (Mainland), Greece (Mainland), Hungary, Italy (Mainland), Latvia, Liechtenstein, Macedonia, Malta, Poland, Romania, Russia (Central European), Russia (Eastern European), Russia (Northern European), Russia (Southern European), Slovakia, Switzerland, Ukraine, Yugoslavia (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Europe to Central Asia (Platnick 10.0).

Female.

Female abdomen.

Female (one eye is missing).

Female.

Gnaphosa microps Holm, 1939

Range: Austria, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Hungary, Lithuania, Norway (Mainland), Poland, Russia (Eastern European), Russia (Northern European), Slovakia, Sweden (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Holarctic (Platnick 10.0).

Gnaphosa modestior Kulczynski, 1897

Range: Bulgaria, Croatia, Hungary, Italy (Mainland), Macedonia, Romania, Slovakia, Ukraine, Yugoslavia (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Eastern Europe to Azerbaijan (Platnick 10.0).

Gnaphosa moesta Thorell, 1875

Range: Bulgaria, Hungary, Romania, Russia (Eastern European), Ukraine (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Hungary, Romania, Ukraine, Russia (Platnick 10.0).

Gnaphosa mongolica Simon, 1895

Range: Hungary, Romania, Russia (Eastern European), Russia (Southern European), Ukraine (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Hungary to China (Platnick 10.0).

Gnaphosa montana (L. Koch, 1866)

Range: Austria, Belarus, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Estonia, Finland, France (Mainland), Germany, Italy (Mainland), Italy (Sicily), Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Macedonia, Netherlands, Norway (Mainland), Poland, Romania, Russia (Central European), Russia (Eastern European), Russia (Northern European), Russia (NW. European), Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, Yugoslavia (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Palearctic (Platnick 10.0).

Gnaphosa muscorum (L. Koch, 1866)

Range: Austria, Bulgaria, Finland, France (Mainland), Germany, Italy (Mainland), Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Norway (Mainland), Poland, Romania, Russia (Central European), Russia (Eastern European), Russia (Northern European), Russia (Southern European), Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden, Switzerland (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Holarctic (Platnick 10.0).

Gnaphosa muscorum gaunitzi Tullgren, 1955

Range: Sweden (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Sweden, Russia (Platnick 10.0).

Gnaphosa nana (C. L. Koch, 1843) (Nomen dubium)

Global range: Germany (Platnick 10.0).

Gnaphosa nigerrima L. Koch, 1877

Range: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France (Mainland), Germany, Great Britain (Mainland), Italy (Mainland), Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Russia (Kaliningrad Region), Russia (Northern European), Russia (NW. European), Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Palearctic (Platnick 10.0).

Subadult male.

Subadult male, abdomen.

Subadult male, spinners.

Male.

Male spinners.

Male palp.

Female.

Female abdomen.

Female.

Gnaphosa nordlandica Strand, 1900

Global range: Norway (Platnick 10.0).

Gnaphosa norvegica Strand, 1900

Range: Norway (Mainland)? (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Norway (Platnick 10.0).

Gnaphosa occidentalis Simon, 1878

Range: France (Mainland), Great Britain (Mainland), Italy (Mainland), Macedonia, Slovenia, Spain (Mainland), Yugoslavia (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Western Europe (Platnick 10.0).

Gnaphosa oceanica Simon, 1878

Range: France (Mainland), Greece (Mainland) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: France (Platnick 10.0).

Gnaphosa opaca Herman, 1879

Range: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, France (Mainland), Germany, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Russia (Eastern European), Russia (Southern European), Slovakia, Slovenia, Ukraine (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Europe to Central Asia (Platnick 10.0).

Gnaphosa orchymonti Giltay, 1932

Range: Bulgaria, Greece (Mainland) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Macedonia (Platnick 10.0).

Gnaphosa orites Chamberlin, 1922

Range: Finland, Norway (Mainland), Russia (Northern European), Sweden (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Holarctic (Platnick 10.0).

Gnaphosa petrobia L. Koch, 1872

Range: Austria, France (Mainland), Germany, Italy (Mainland), Romania, Slovenia?, Switzerland, Ukraine (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Europe (Platnick 10.0).

Gnaphosa porrecta Strand, 1900

Range: Norway (Mainland)? (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Norway (Platnick 10.0).

Gnaphosa prosperi Simon, 1878

Range: Spain (Mainland) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Spain (Platnick 10.0).

Gnaphosa pseudolapponica Strand, 1904

Range: Norway (Mainland)? (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Norway (Platnick 10.0).

Gnaphosa rhenana Mller & Schenkel, 1895

Range: Austria, Bulgaria, France (Mainland), Germany, Italy (Mainland), Romania, Switzerland (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Switzerland, Germany, Austria, Italy, Romania (Platnick 10.0).

Gnaphosa rufula (L. Koch, 1866)

Range: Hungary, Italy (Sicily), Macedonia, Russia (Eastern European), Russia (Southern European) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Hungary, Russia, Kazakhstan, Lebanon, Israel (Platnick 10.0).

Gnaphosa saurica Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992

Range: Russia (Eastern European), Russia (Southern European), Ukraine (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Russia, Ukraine, Georgia, Central Asia (Platnick 10.0).

Gnaphosa secreta Simon, 1878

Range: France (Mainland) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: France (Platnick 10.0).

Gnaphosa steppica Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992

Range: Russia (Eastern European), Russia (Southern European) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Turkey to Kazakhstan (Platnick 10.0).

Gnaphosa sticta Kulczynski, 1908

Range: Estonia?, Finland, Norway (Mainland), Russia (Eastern European), Russia (Northern European), Sweden (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Palearctic (Platnick 10.0).

Gnaphosa stussineri Simon, 1885

Range: Greece (Mainland) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Greece (Platnick 10.0).

Gnaphosa subrufula Strand, 1907) (Nomen dubium)

Global range: Russia (Platnick 10.0).

Gnaphosa taurica Thorell, 1875

Range: Bulgaria, Macedonia, Russia (Central European), Russia (Eastern European), Russia (Southern European), Ukraine (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Bulgaria to China (Platnick 10.0).

Gnaphosa tetrica Simon, 1878

Range: France (Mainland), Macedonia (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: France, Macedonia (Platnick 10.0).

Gnaphosa thorelli (Lebert, 1877) (Nomen dubium)

Range: Switzerland (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Switzerland (Platnick 10.0).

Gnaphosa tigrina Simon, 1878

Range: France (Mainland), Italy (Sicily), Russia (Eastern European), Spain (Mainland), Switzerland (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Meditteranean to Russia (Platnick 10.0).

Gnaphosa ukrainica Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992

Range: Russia (Southern European), Ukraine (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Ukraine, Turkmenistan (Platnick 10.0).

Gnaphosa zeugitana Pavesi, 1880

Range: Croatia, Spain (Balearic Islands) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: North Africa (Platnick 10.0).

Genus: Haplodrassus Chamberlin, 1922

Characters of genus: Carapace elongate and fairly low. The brownish cephalothorax have complex black lines. Head much wider than both row of eyes. The posterior medial eyes are larger than the laterals as well as oval and oblique. Posterior row of eyes has the medials closer to each other than to the laterals. Anterior row of eyes straight or slightly recurved while posterior row is procurved. The distance between the outer edges of anterior medial eyes is about the same as the distance between outer edges of posterior medials. Clypeus low about equal to the distance of one anterior medial eye. Fovea short as in the Clubionidae. Chelicerae strong with lateral condyles. Chelicerae with teeht both on promargin and retromargin. Labium longer than wide and angulate where sides meets posterior border.Sternum does not extend between coxae IV. Trochanters smooth. The distal end of metatarsi III and IV is not furnished with a preening comb. Males do not have a scutum. Some species have vague patterns of chevrons on the abdomen, but these patterns are not reliable in separating the species since the variation within species is considerable. Male palp with a tibial apophysis, the shape of which is important for identification. Sometimes the shape is discernible with a lens allowing for identification in the field. The epigyne is often large and females of some species are also identifiable in the field using a lens.

Haplodrassus aenus Thaler, 1984

Range: Austria, Bulgaria, Switzerland (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Switzerland, Austria (Platnick 10.0).

Haplodrassus bohemicus Miller & Buchar, 1977

Range: Czech Republic, Macedonia (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Czech Rep (Platnick 10.0).

Haplodrassus canariensis Schmidt, 1977

Range: Spain (Canary Islands) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Canary Is (Platnick 10.0).

Female.

Haplodrassus cognatus (Westring, 1861)

Range: Austria, Belarus, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France (Mainland), Germany, Hungary, Italy (Mainland), Latvia, Lithuania, Norway (Mainland), Poland, Romania, Russia (Central European), Russia (Eastern European), Russia (Northern European), Russia (Novaya Zemlya), Russia (NW. European), Russia (Southern European), Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, Yugoslavia (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Palearctic (Platnick 10.0).

Haplodrassus concertor (Simon, 1878)

Range: Andorra, France (Mainland), Italy (Mainland), Spain (Mainland) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: France (Platnick 10.0).

Haplodrassus creticus (Roewer, 1928)

Range: Greece (Crete), Greece (Mainland) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Greece, Crete (Platnick 10.0).

Haplodrassus dalmatensis (L. Koch, 1866)

Range: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, France (Corsica), France (Mainland), Germany, Great Britain (Mainland), Greece (Crete), Greece (Mainland), Hungary, Italy (Mainland), Italy (Sardinia), Italy (Sicily), Lithuania, Macedonia, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal (Madeira), Portugal (Mainland), Portugal (Selvagens Islands), Romania, Russia (Eastern European), Russia (Southern European), Slovakia, Spain (Balearic Islands), Spain (Canary Islands), Spain (Mainland), Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, Yugoslavia (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Palearctic (Platnick 10.0).

Male.

Female.

Female abdominal markings.

Female.

Haplodrassus dalmatensis pictus (Thorell, 1875)

Range: Portugal (Madeira), Portugal (Mainland), Portugal (Selvagens Islands), Spain (Canary Islands), Spain (Mainland) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Spain, Madeira (Platnick 10.0).

Haplodrassus deserticola Schmidt & Krause, 1996

Range: Spain (Canary Islands) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Canary Is (Platnick 10.0).

Haplodrassus hiemalis (Emerton, 1909)

Range: Russia (Northern European) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Holarctic (Platnick 10.0).

Haplodrassus invalidus (O. P.-Cambridge, 1872)

Range: France (Corsica), Italy (Mainland), Italy (Sicily), Spain (Mainland) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Spain, Corsica, Sicily, Italy, Israel (Platnick 10.0).

Haplodrassus kulczynskii Lohmander, 1942

Range: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, France (Mainland), Germany, Greece (Crete), Greece (Cyclades), Greece (Mainland), Hungary, Italy (Mainland), Liechtenstein, Macedonia, Poland, Romania, Russia (Central European), Russia (Eastern European), Russia (Southern European), Slovakia, Slovenia, Switzerland, Yugoslavia (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Palearctic (Platnick 10.0).

Haplodrassus macellinus (Thorell, 1871)

Range: France (Corsica), France (Mainland), Greece (Dodecanese Islands), Italy (Mainland), Italy (Sardinia), Portugal (Mainland), Spain (Mainland) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Western Mediterranean (Platnick 10.0).

Male.

Haplodrassus macellinus hebes (O. P.-Cambridge, 1874)

Range: France (Corsica), France (Mainland), Italy (Mainland), Italy (Sicily), Portugal (Mainland) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: France, Corsica, Italy, Sicily (Platnick 10.0).

Haplodrassus minor (O. P.-Cambridge, 1879)

Description: Resemble H. signifer but is much smaller. The size of adults is helpful in identifying the species. Size: Female 4 mm; male 3.5 mm. Maturity: Summer. Habitat: Coastal shingle and sandy beaches with upwash. Range: Austria, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Germany, Great Britain (Mainland), Greece (Crete), Greece (Mainland), Hungary, Italy (Mainland), Macedonia, Moldova, Norway (Mainland), Poland, Portugal (Mainland), Romania, Russia (Central European), Russia (Southern European), Slovakia, Spain (Canary Islands), Switzerland, Ukraine, Yugoslavia (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Europe, Russia (Platnick 10.0).

Male.

Female.

Haplodrassus moderatus (Kulczynski, 1897)

Range: Belarus, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Norway (Mainland), Poland, Romania, Russia (Eastern European), Russia (Northern European), Russia (NW. European), Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Palearctic (Platnick 10.0).

Female.

Female abdomen.

Female.

Haplodrassus pseudosignifer Marusik, Hippa & Koponen, 1996

Range: Russia (Eastern European) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Russia (Platnick 10.0).

Haplodrassus pugnans (Simon, 1880)

Global range: Palearctic (Platnick 10.0).

Haplodrassus severus (C. L. Koch, 1839)

Range: France (Corsica), France (Mainland), Greece (Dodecanese Islands), Greece (Mainland), Italy (Mainland), Italy (Sardinia), Italy (Sicily), Malta, Portugal (Mainland), Romania, Slovakia?, Spain (Balearic Islands), Spain (Mainland) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Mediterranean (Platnick 10.0).

Haplodrassus signifer (C. L. Koch, 1839)

Description: Carapace greyish brown to dark brown, head gradually darker towards anterior edge in lighter specimens. Chelicerae dark brown. Sternum dark brown. Legs brown. The abdomen is somewhat flattened, brown to blackish. Three pairs of longitudinal short stripes (sigilla?) are sometimes visible on dorsum, the posterior pair oblique. Light, obscure chevrons sometimes present in lighter, mostly female specimens. Males generally darker than females, sometimes nearly black. Size: Female 7-9 mm; male 5-8 mm. Maturity: Spring and early summer. Habitat: Open, mostly dry habitats such as heathland, dunes and sandy grassland. Range: Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Faroe Islands, Finland, France (Corsica), France (Mainland), Germany, Great Britain (Channel Islands), Great Britain (Mainland), Great Britain (Northern Ireland), Greece (Crete), Greece (Cyclades), Greece (Dodecanese Islands), Greece (Mainland), Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy (Mainland), Italy (Sardinia), Italy (Sicily), Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Macedonia, Malta, Moldova, Netherlands, Norway (Mainland), Poland, Portugal (Azores), Portugal (Madeira), Portugal (Mainland), Romania, Russia (Central European), Russia (Eastern European), Russia (Kaliningrad Region), Russia (Northern European), Russia (NW. European), Russia (Southern European), Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain (Canary Islands), Spain (Mainland), Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, Yugoslavia (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Also known from Greenland (Masurik in prep.). Global range: Holarctic (Platnick 10.0).

Subadult female.

Male.

Female before oviposition.

Female.

Male.

Juvenile.

Male.

Female.

Haplodrassus silvestris (Blackwall, 1833)

Range: Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France (Mainland), Germany, Great Britain (Mainland), Greece (Mainland), Hungary, Italy (Mainland), Latvia, Lithuania, Macedonia, Moldova, Netherlands, Norway (Mainland), Poland, Romania, Russia (Central European), Russia (Eastern European), Russia (Kaliningrad Region), Russia (Northern European), Russia (Southern European), Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain (Mainland), Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, Yugoslavia (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Palearctic (Platnick 10.0).

Male.

Male, palp.

Male.

Male, note the characteristic pointed tibial apophyse.

Male.

Female.

Haplodrassus soerenseni (Strand, 1900)

Description: Similar to H. signifer but smaller and the overall colouration is more brownish. Size: Female 6-7 mm; male 4.5.5.5 mm. Maturity: Summer. Habitat: Forest floor of open pine and coniferous forests. The retreat can be found in moss or under objects. Range: Austria, Belarus, Czech Republic, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Great Britain (Mainland), Italy (Mainland), Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Norway (Mainland), Poland, Russia (Central European), Russia (Eastern European), Russia (Northern European), Russia (NW. European), Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Palearctic (Platnick 10.0).

Female.

Haplodrassus umbratilis (L. Koch, 1866)

Range: Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Estonia, Finland, France (Mainland), Germany, Great Britain (Mainland), Greece (Mainland), Hungary, Italy (Mainland), Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Macedonia, Netherlands, Norway (Mainland), Poland, Portugal (Mainland), Romania, Russia (Central European), Russia (Eastern European), Russia (Northern European), Russia (Southern European), Slovakia, Slovenia?, Spain (Mainland), Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, Yugoslavia (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Europe to Kazakhstan (Platnick 10.0).

Haplodrassus umbratilis gothicus Lohmander, 1942

Range: Sweden (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Sweden (Platnick 10.0).

Genus: Kishidaia Yaginuma, 1960

Kishidaia conspicua (L. Koch, 1866)

Range: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, France (Mainland), Germany, Hungary, Italy (Mainland), Malta, Moldova, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia (Central European), Russia (Eastern European), Russia (Southern European), Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain (Mainland), Switzerland, Ukraine, Yugoslavia (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Europe to Central Asia (Platnick 10.0).

Kishidaia conspicua concolor (Caporiacco, 1951)

Range: Italy (Mainland) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Italy (Platnick 10.0).

Genus: Leptodrassex Murphy, 2007

Leptodrassex hylaestomachi (Berland, 1934)

Range: Portugal (Mainland), Portugal (Selvagens Islands), Spain (Canary Islands) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Canary Is. (Platnick 10.0).

Female.

Male.

Leptodrassex simoni Dalmas, 1919

Range: France (Mainland), Portugal (Mainland), Spain (Mainland) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Portugal, Spain, France, Lebanon (Platnick 10.0).

Genus: Leptodrassus Simon, 1878

Leptodrassus albidus Simon, 1914

Range: France (Mainland), Greece (Crete), Italy (Mainland), Italy (Sicily), Malta, Portugal (Azores), Portugal (Mainland), Spain (Mainland) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Spain to Crete (Platnick 10.0).

Leptodrassus croaticus Dalmas, 1919

Range: Croatia (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Croatia (Platnick 10.0).

Leptodrassus diomedeus Caporiacco, 1951

Range: Italy (Mainland) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Italy (Platnick 10.0).

Leptodrassus femineus (Simon, 1873)

Range: Bulgaria, Croatia, France (Corsica), France (Mainland), Greece (Crete), Italy (Sicily), Portugal (Mainland) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Portugal to Crete (Platnick 10.0).

Female.

Leptodrassus hadjissaranti Chatzaki, 2002

Range: Greece (Crete) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Crete (Platnick 10.0).

Leptodrassus manolisi Chatzaki, 2002

Range: Greece (Crete) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Crete (Platnick 10.0).

Leptodrassus memorialis Spassky, 1940

Range: Russia (Eastern European), Russia (NW. European), Russia (Southern European), Ukraine (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Russia, Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Mongolia (Platnick 10.0).

Leptodrassus pupa Dalmas, 1919

Range: Greece (Crete) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Crete, Egypt (Platnick 10.0).

Genus: Micaria Westring, 1851

Characters of genus: This genus has previously been assigned to the Clubionidae by some workers. A depression across the endites and the often oval posterior medial eyes has resulted in its present status as a gnaphosid genus. Tne cephalothorax and abdomen is covered with flattened dark scales, usually iridecent and sometimes with contrasting white spots or stripes. Slim, antlike spiders running rapidly over the ground in dry and warm places.

Micaria aenea Thorell, 1871

Size: Female 4-4.5 mm; male 3-3.5 mm. Maturity: Spring and early summer. Range: Austria, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France (Mainland), Germany, Italy (Mainland), Norway (Mainland), Russia (Eastern European), Russia (NW. European), Spain (Mainland), Sweden, Switzerland (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Holarctic (Platnick 10.0).

Male.

Micaria albovittata (Lucas, 1846)

Range: Andorra, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, France (Corsica), France (Mainland), Great Britain (Mainland), Greece (Crete), Greece (Dodecanese Islands), Greece (Mainland), Hungary, Italy (Mainland), Latvia, Macedonia, Portugal (Madeira), Portugal (Mainland), Romania, Russia (Northern European)?, Russia (NW. European)?, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain (Mainland), Switzerland, Ukraine, Yugoslavia (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Palearctic (Platnick 10.0).

Micaria alpina L. Koch, 1872

Range: Austria, Finland, France (Mainland), Great Britain (Mainland), Italy (Mainland), Liechtenstein, Norway (Mainland), Russia (Eastern European), Russia (Northern European), Sweden, Switzerland (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Holarctic (Platnick 10.0).

Micaria blicki Kovblyuk & Nadolny, 2008

Range: Ukraine (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Ukraine (Platnick 10.0).

Micaria bosmansi Kovblyuk & Nadolny, 2008

Range: Ukraine (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Ukraine (Platnick 10.0).

Micaria brignolii (Bosmans & Blick, 2000)

Range: Portugal (Mainland) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Portugal (Platnick 10.0).

Micaria chlorophana (C. L. Koch, in Heer, 1845) (Nomen dubium)

Global range: Switzerland (Platnick 10.0).

Micaria coarctata (Lucas, 1846)

Range: Bulgaria, Croatia, France (Corsica), France (Mainland), Great Britain (Channel Islands), Greece (Crete), Greece (Cyclades), Greece (Mainland), Italy (Mainland), Malta, Portugal (Mainland), Romania, Spain (Mainland), Switzerland, Ukraine (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Mediterranean to Central Asia (Platnick 10.0).

Female.

Female spinners.

Female with prey.

Female.

Micaria constricta Emerton, 1894

Range: Norway (Svalbard & Jan Mayen) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Holarctic (Platnick 10.0).

Micaria cyrnea Brignoli, 1983

Range: France (Corsica), Italy (Mainland) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Corsica, Italy (Platnick 10.0).

Micaria dives (Lucas, 1846) - Jewel ant-spider

Range: Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, France (Corsica), France (Mainland), Germany, Greece (Crete), Greece (Mainland), Hungary, Italy (Mainland), Macedonia, Netherlands, Portugal (Mainland), Romania, Russia (Southern European), Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain (Mainland), Ukraine (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Palearctic (Platnick 10.0).

Juvenile.

Juvenile (subadult?). Missing right foreleg regenerated almost completely in just one moult.

Subadult female.

Female.

Male.

Micaria exilis Canestrini, 1868 (Nomen dubium)

Global range: Italy (Platnick 10.0).

Micaria formicaria (Sundevall, 1831)

Range: Andorra, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia?, Finland, France (Mainland), Germany, Hungary, Italy (Mainland), Liechtenstein, Macedonia, Malta, Moldova, Netherlands, Norway (Mainland), Poland, Portugal (Mainland), Romania, Russia (Central European), Russia (Eastern European), Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain (Balearic Islands), Spain (Mainland), Sweden, Switzerland, Yugoslavia (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Palearctic (Platnick 10.0).

Subadult female.

Micaria fulgens (Walckenaer, 1802) - Purple ant-spider

Size: Female 4.5-6 mm; male 4.5-5.5 mm. Range: Andorra, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France (Mainland), Germany, Greece (Mainland), Hungary, Italy (Mainland), Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Macedonia, Netherlands, Norway (Mainland), Poland, Portugal (Mainland), Romania, Russia (Central European), Russia (Eastern European), Russia (NW. European), Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain (Mainland), Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, Yugoslavia (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Europe to Central Asia, North Africa (Platnick 10.0).

Female.

Micaria funerea Simon, 1878

Range: Bulgaria, France (Corsica), Italy (Mainland), Spain (Mainland) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Spain, Corsica, Russia (Platnick 10.0).

Micaria gomerae Strand, 1911

Range: Spain (Canary Islands) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Canary Is (Platnick 10.0).

Juvenile.

Female.

Male.

Micaria gulliae Tuneva & Esyunin, 2003

Range: Russia (Eastern European) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Russia (Platnick 10.0).

Micaria guttigera Simon, 1878

Range: Andorra, France (Mainland), Portugal (Mainland), Spain (Mainland) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Portugal, Spain, France (Platnick 10.0).

Female.

Micaria guttulata (C. L. Koch, 1839)

Range: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, France (Mainland), Germany, Greece (Mainland), Hungary, Macedonia, Netherlands, Portugal (Mainland), Romania, Russia (Eastern European), Slovakia, Spain (Mainland), Switzerland, Yugoslavia (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Palearctic (Platnick 10.0).

Micaria ignea (O. P.-Cambridge, 1872)

Range: Cyprus, Greece (Crete), Spain (Canary Islands), Spain (Mainland) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Canary Is to Central Asia (Platnick 10.0).

Micaria koeni (Bosmans, 2000)

Range: Greece (Crete), Greece (Mainland), Russia (Southern European) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Greece, Crete (Platnick 10.0).

Micaria lenzi Bösenberg, 1899

Description: Resemble the much commoner M. pulicaria but is smaller and with less pronounced white markings on the abdomen reduced to a vague, transverse line. The iridescence appear more purplish than that of M. pulicaria. Size: Female 2.6-3 mm; male 2.3-2.7 mm. Maturity: Spring and early summer. Habitat: Dunes and costal areas with short vegetation and stones, including shingle. Range: Czech Republic, Denmark, Germany, Lithuania, Netherlands, Romania, Sweden, Ukraine (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Palearctic (Platnick 10.0).

Juvenile.

Male.

Female.

Male.

Micaria nivosa L. Koch, 1866

Range: Austria, Czech Republic, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Hungary, Italy (Mainland), Norway (Mainland), Poland, Romania, Russia (Eastern European), Russia (Northern European), Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Europe to Kazakhstan (Platnick 10.0).

Female.

Micaria pallipes (Lucas, 1846)

Range: Bulgaria, France (Mainland), Greece (Crete), Italy (Mainland), Portugal (Azores), Portugal (Madeira), Portugal (Mainland), Russia (Eastern European), Russia (Southern European), Spain (Canary Islands), Spain (Mainland) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Canary Is to Central Asia (Platnick 10.0).

Micaria palmgreni Wunderlich, 1979

Range: Finland (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Finland (Platnick 10.0).

Micaria pulicaria (Sundevall, 1831) - Glossy ant-spider

Description: Head black with radiating white lines. Iridescense less pronounced compared to the highly iredescent abdomen. There are two transverse, white lines on the abdomen, followed by three dots. Femora I and II are black, while femora III and IV are dark brown. Size: Female 2.7-4.5 mm; male 3-3.5 mm. Maturity: Spring and summer. Habitat: Dry and sunny places in a variety of situations, including gardens. Range: Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France (Corsica), France (Mainland), Germany, Great Britain (Channel Islands), Great Britain (Mainland), Great Britain (Northern Ireland), Greece (Crete), Greece (Mainland), Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy (Mainland), Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Macedonia, Netherlands, Norway (Mainland), Poland, Portugal (Mainland), Romania, Russia (Central European), Russia (Eastern European), Russia (Kaliningrad Region), Russia (Northern European), Russia (NW. European), Russia (Southern European), Slovakia, Spain (Mainland), Sweden, Switzerland, Yugoslavia (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Holarctic (Platnick 10.0).

Female.

Male.

Female.

Micaria rossica Thorell, 1875

Range: Austria, Bulgaria, France (Mainland), Hungary, Italy (Mainland), Liechtenstein, Macedonia, Poland, Romania, Russia (Central European), Russia (Eastern European), Russia (Southern European), Slovakia, Switzerland (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Holarctic (Platnick 10.0).

Micaria rossii Strand, 1909) (Nomen dubium)

Global range: Italy (Platnick 10.0).

Micaria silesiaca L. Koch, 1875 - Sand ant-spider

Range: Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France (Mainland), Germany, Great Britain (Mainland), Greece (Mainland), Hungary?, Italy (Mainland), Lithuania, Macedonia, Moldova, Netherlands, Norway (Mainland), Poland, Romania, Russia (Central European), Russia (Eastern European), Russia (Northern European), Russia (NW. European), Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, Yugoslavia (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Palearctic (Platnick 10.0).

Female, abdominal markings.

Female.

Male.

Micaria similis strandi Kolosváry, 1936) (Nomen dubium)

Global range: Balkans (Platnick 10.0).

Micaria sociabilis Kulczynski, 1897

Range: Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, France (Corsica), France (Mainland), Hungary, Italy (Mainland), Macedonia, Portugal (Mainland), Romania, Slovakia, Spain (Mainland), Yugoslavia (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Central, Southern Europe (Platnick 10.0).

Micaria subopaca Westring, 1861 - Pine-tree ant-spider

Size: Female 2.8-3.3 mm; male 2.5-3 mm. Maturity: Spring and summer. Range: Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France (Mainland), Germany, Great Britain (Mainland), Hungary, Italy (Mainland), Latvia, Lithuania, Macedonia, Moldova, Netherlands, Norway (Mainland), Poland, Romania, Russia (Central European), Russia (Eastern European), Russia (Northern European), Russia (NW. European), Slovakia, Spain (Mainland), Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, Yugoslavia (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Palearctic (Platnick 10.0).

Female.

Male.

Female.

Male.

Micaria triguttata Simon, 1884

Range: France (Mainland), Portugal (Mainland), Spain (Mainland) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Spain, France, Algeria (Platnick 10.0).

Micaria tripunctata Holm, 1978

Range: Russia (Eastern European), Russia (NW. European), Sweden (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Holarctic (Platnick 10.0).

Genus: Minosia Dalmas, 1921

Minosia spinosissima (Simon, 1878)

Range: France (Mainland), Spain (Mainland) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Spain, France, Israel (Platnick 10.0).

Genus: Nomisia Dalmas, 1921

Nomisia aussereri (L. Koch, 1872)

Range: Bulgaria, Croatia, France (Corsica), France (Mainland), Greece (Cyclades), Greece (Dodecanese Islands), Greece (Mainland), Greece (North Aegean Islands), Italy (Mainland), Italy (Sardinia), Italy (Sicily), Macedonia, Portugal (Mainland), Romania, Russia (Central European), Russia (Eastern European), Russia (Southern European), Spain (Mainland), Ukraine, Yugoslavia (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Palearctic (Platnick 10.0).

Nomisia celerrima (Simon, 1914)

Range: Andorra, France (Mainland), Portugal (Mainland), Spain (Mainland) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Spain, France (Platnick 10.0).

Nomisia excerpta (O. P.-Cambridge, 1872)

Range: Greece (Crete), Spain (Canary Islands) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Canary Is, Tunisia, Crete, Israel (Platnick 10.0).

Female.

Nomisia exornata (C. L. Koch, 1839)

Range: Bulgaria, Croatia, France (Corsica), France (Mainland), Greece (Crete), Greece (Cyclades), Greece (Dodecanese Islands), Greece (Mainland), Greece (North Aegean Islands), Hungary, Italy (Mainland), Italy (Sardinia), Italy (Sicily), Macedonia, Malta, Portugal (Mainland), Romania, Slovakia, Spain (Balearic Islands), Spain (Mainland), Switzerland, Ukraine, Yugoslavia (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Europe to Central Asia (Platnick 10.0).

Male.

Female.

Nomisia fagei Dalmas, 1921

Range: France (Corsica), Portugal (Mainland) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Portugal, Corsica (Platnick 10.0).

Nomisia fortis Dalmas, 1921

Range: Spain (Canary Islands) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Canary Is (Platnick 10.0).

Nomisia gomerensis Wunderlich, 2011

Range: Spain (Canary Islands) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Canary Is. (Platnick 10.0).

Female.

Male.

Nomisia molendinaria (L. Koch, 1866)

Range: Croatia, Italy (Mainland) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Croatia, Georgia (Platnick 10.0).

Nomisia montenegrina Giltay, 1932

Range: Yugoslavia (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Montenegro (Platnick 10.0).

Nomisia musiva (Simon, 1889)

Range: Spain (Canary Islands) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Canary Is (Platnick 10.0).

Female.

Nomisia orientalis Dalmas, 1921

Range: Greece (Mainland) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Turkey (Platnick 10.0).

Nomisia palaestina (O. P.-Cambridge, 1872)

Range: Greece (Dodecanese Islands), Greece (Mainland) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Greece, Syria, Israel (Platnick 10.0).

Nomisia perpusilla Dalmas, 1921

Range: Spain (Mainland) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Spain (Platnick 10.0).

Nomisia recepta (Pavesi, 1880)

Range: France (Corsica)?, Italy (Mainland), Italy (Sicily), Malta (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Tunisia, Italy, Malta (Platnick 10.0).

Nomisia ripariensis (O. P.-Cambridge, 1872)

Range: Bulgaria, Greece (Crete), Greece (Dodecanese Islands), Greece (Mainland) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Greece to Azerbaijan (Platnick 10.0).

Genus: Parasyrisca Schenkel, 1963

Parasyrisca marusiki Kovblyuk, 2003

Range: Ukraine (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Ukraine (Platnick 10.0).

Parasyrisca vinosa (Simon, 1878)

Range: Andorra, France (Mainland), Italy (Mainland), Romania, Slovenia?, Switzerland, Ukraine? (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Europe (Platnick 10.0).

Genus: Phaeocedus Simon, 1893

Phaeocedus braccatus (L. Koch, 1866)

Range: Andorra, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France (Mainland), Germany, Great Britain (Mainland), Hungary, Italy (Mainland), Italy (Sicily), Latvia, Macedonia, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal (Mainland), Romania, Russia (Central European), Russia (Eastern European), Russia (NW. European)?, Russia (Southern European), Slovakia, Spain (Mainland), Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, Yugoslavia (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Palearctic (Platnick 10.0).

Female.

Phaeocedus braccatus jugorum Simon, 1914

Range: France (Mainland), Romania (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: France (Platnick 10.0).

Genus: Poecilochroa Westring, 1874

Poecilochroa albomaculata (Lucas, 1846)

Range: France (Corsica), France (Mainland), Italy (Mainland), Italy (Sardinia), Italy (Sicily), Portugal (Mainland), Spain (Mainland) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Europe (Platnick 10.0).

Poecilochroa furcata Simon, 1914

Range: France (Mainland), Italy (Sicily), Spain (Mainland) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: France, Italy (Platnick 10.0).

Poecilochroa hungarica Kolosvry, 1934

Range: Hungary (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Hungary (Platnick 10.0).

Poecilochroa loricata Kritscher, 1996

Range: Malta (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Malta (Platnick 10.0).

Poecilochroa patricia (Simon, 1878)

Range: France (Corsica), France (Mainland) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Corsica (Platnick 10.0).

Poecilochroa perversa Simon, 1914

Range: France (Mainland) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: France (Platnick 10.0).

Poecilochroa phyllobia (Thorell, 1871)

Range: Italy (Mainland) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Italy (Platnick 10.0).

Poecilochroa senilis (O. P.-Cambridge, 1872)

Range: France (Corsica), France (Mainland), Greece (Crete), Portugal (Mainland), Spain (Mainland) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Corsica to Turkmenistan (Platnick 10.0).

Poecilochroa senilis auspex (Simon, 1878)

Range: France (Mainland), Italy (Sicily), Portugal (Mainland), Spain (Mainland) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Spain, France (Platnick 10.0).

Poecilochroa tescorum Simon, 1914

Range: France (Mainland) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: France (Platnick 10.0).

Poecilochroa variana (C. L. Koch, 1839)

Range: Andorra, Belgium, Bulgaria, Estonia, Finland, France (Mainland), Germany, Greece (Mainland), Hungary, Italy (Mainland), Italy (Sicily), Latvia, Liechtenstein, Macedonia, Norway (Mainland), Poland, Portugal (Mainland), Romania, Russia (Central European), Russia (Eastern European), Russia (Northern European), Russia (NW. European), Russia (Southern European), Slovakia, Spain (Mainland), Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, Yugoslavia (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Europe to Central Asia (Platnick 10.0).

Genus: Pterotricha Kulczynski, 1903

Pterotricha chazaliae (Simon, 1895)

Range: Portugal (Mainland) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Morocco, Mauritania, Algeria, Israel (Platnick 10.0).

Pterotricha extiabilis Drensky, 1929 (Nomen dubium)

Global range: Balkans (Platnick 10.0).

Pterotricha lentiginosa (C. L. Koch, 1837)

Range: Greece (Crete), Greece (Cyclades), Greece (Dodecanese Islands), Greece (Mainland), Greece (North Aegean Islands), Ukraine, Yugoslavia (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Mediterranean, Ukraine (Platnick 10.0).

Pterotricha lesserti Dalmas, 1921

Range: Portugal (Mainland) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Turkey, Egypt, Israel, Saudi Arabia (Platnick 10.0).

Pterotricha nomas (Thorell, 1875)

Range: Russia (Southern European) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Russia (Platnick 10.0).

Pterotricha simoni Dalmas, 1921

Range: Andorra, Portugal (Mainland), Spain (Mainland) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Spain (Platnick 10.0).

Pterotricha sinoniae Caporiacco, 1953

Range: Italy (Mainland) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Italy (Platnick 10.0).

Pterotricha trebax (Thorell, 1875) (Nomen dubium)

Global range: Ukraine (Platnick 10.0).

Genus: Pterotrichina Dalmas, 1921

Pterotrichina elegans Dalmas, 1921

Range: Malta (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Algeria, Tunisia (Platnick 10.0).

Genus: Scotognapha Dalmas, 1920

Scotognapha atomaria Dalmas, 1920

Range: Spain (Canary Islands) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Canary Is (Platnick 10.0).

Scotognapha brunnea Schmidt, 1980

Range: Spain (Canary Islands) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Canary Is (Platnick 10.0).

Scotognapha canaricola (Strand, 1911)

Range: Spain (Canary Islands) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Canary Is (Platnick 10.0).

Scotognapha convexa (Simon, 1883)

Range: Spain (Canary Islands) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Canary Is (Platnick 10.0).

Scotognapha costacalma Platnick, Ovtsharenko & Murphy, 2001

Range: Spain (Canary Islands) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Canary Is (Platnick 10.0).

Scotognapha galletas Platnick, Ovtsharenko & Murphy, 2001

Range: Spain (Canary Islands) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Canary Is (Platnick 10.0).

Scotognapha haria Platnick, Ovtsharenko & Murphy, 2001

Range: Spain (Canary Islands) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Canary Is (Platnick 10.0).

Scotognapha juangrandica Platnick, Ovtsharenko & Murphy, 2001

Range: Spain (Canary Islands) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Canary Is (Platnick 10.0).

Scotognapha medano Platnick, Ovtsharenko & Murphy, 2001

Range: Spain (Canary Islands) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Canary Is (Platnick 10.0).

Scotognapha paivai (Blackwall, 1864)

Range: Portugal (Selvagens Islands) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Salvage Is. (Platnick 10.0).

Scotognapha taganana Platnick, Ovtsharenko & Murphy, 2001

Range: Spain (Canary Islands) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Canary Is (Platnick 10.0).

Scotognapha teideensis (Wunderlich, 1992)

Range: Spain (Canary Islands) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Canary Is (Platnick 10.0).

Scotognapha wunderlichi Platnick, Ovtsharenko & Murphy, 2001

Range: Spain (Canary Islands) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Canary Is (Platnick 10.0).

Genus: Scotophaeus Simon, 1893

Characters of genus: This genus has three species in Northern Europe of which two occur in Denmark. The abdomen is without a pattern and appear greasy silverish-grey due to the short, dense grey hairs. The males have a conspicious brown abdominal scutum, but is small and therefore not clearly visible for the commonest species of the genus, S. blackwalli. The posterior medial eyes are circular and slightly closer to another than to the laterals. Height of clypeus about the same as the diameter of an anterior medial eye. In Northern Europe the species are found exclusively within houses where they wander about at nighttime.

Scotophaeus aculeatus Simon, 1914

Range: France (Mainland) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: France (Platnick 10.0).

Scotophaeus blackwalli (Thorell, 1871)

Description: This species is also known under the name Herpyllus blackwalli. Males slightly smaller than females, otherwise the sexes are similar. The cephalothorax and legs are orange brown covered with grey hairs. Size: Female 9-12 mm; male 7-10 mm. Maturity: Females throughout year, males in summer and autumn. Habitat: In Denmark only inside heated houses. In warmer parts of Europe also outdoors under bark and crevices in walls. Range: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Denmark, France (Corsica), France (Mainland), Germany, Great Britain (Mainland), Greece (Dodecanese Islands), Hungary, Ireland, Italy (Mainland), Italy (Sicily), Malta, Netherlands, Norway (Mainland), Poland, Portugal (Azores), Portugal (Madeira), Portugal (Mainland), Portugal (Selvagens Islands), Romania, Russia (Northern European), Slovakia, Spain (Canary Islands), Spain (Mainland), Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, Yugoslavia (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Cosmopolitan (Platnick 10.0).

Female.

Subadult female.

Typical cylindrical Gnaphosid spinnerets.

Female.

Female abdomen.

Female.

Scotophaeus blackwalli isabellinus (Simon, 1873)

Range: Croatia, France (Corsica), Portugal (Mainland) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Corsica, Italy, Croatia (Platnick 10.0).

Scotophaeus blackwalli politus (Simon, 1878)

Range: France (Mainland) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: France (Platnick 10.0).

Scotophaeus brolemanni Simon, 1914

Range: France (Mainland) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: France (Platnick 10.0).

Scotophaeus cultior Kulczynski, 1899

Range: Portugal (Madeira), Spain (Canary Islands) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Madeira (Platnick 10.0).

Scotophaeus fabrisae Caporiacco, 1950

Range: Italy (Mainland) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Italy (Platnick 10.0).

Scotophaeus hierro Schmidt, 1977

Range: Spain (Canary Islands) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Canary Is (Platnick 10.0).

Scotophaeus mauckneri Schmidt, 1956

Range: Spain (Canary Islands) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Canary Is (Platnick 10.0).

Scotophaeus mengei (Simon, 1878) (Nomen dubium)

Range: Germany (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Germany (Platnick 10.0).

Scotophaeus musculus (Simon, 1878)

Range: France (Mainland), Portugal (Madeira), Portugal (Mainland), Portugal (Selvagens Islands), Spain (Canary Islands) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: France, Madeira, Salvages (Platnick 10.0).

Scotophaeus nanus Wunderlich, 1995

Range: Austria (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Austria (Platnick 10.0).

Scotophaeus peninsularis Roewer, 1928

Range: Greece (Crete), Greece (Mainland) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Greece, Crete, Israel (Platnick 10.0).

Scotophaeus quadripunctatus (Linnaeus, 1758)

Range: Austria, Belarus, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia, France (Mainland), Germany, Hungary, Italy (Mainland), Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Moldova, Netherlands, Norway (Mainland), Poland, Romania, Russia (Central European), Russia (Eastern European), Russia (NW. European), Russia (Southern European), Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Europe, Russia (Platnick 10.0).

Scotophaeus retusus (Simon, 1878)

Range: France (Mainland), Italy (Mainland), Portugal (Mainland) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: France (Platnick 10.0).

Scotophaeus scutulatus (L. Koch, 1866)

Range: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, France (Mainland), Germany, Great Britain (Mainland), Greece (Crete), Greece (Cyclades), Greece (Mainland), Hungary, Italy (Mainland), Italy (Sardinia), Liechtenstein, Lithuania?, Macedonia, Malta, Moldova, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal (Mainland), Romania, Russia (Central European), Russia (Southern European), Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain (Mainland), Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, Yugoslavia (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Europe to Central Asia, Algeria (Platnick 10.0).

Female.

Female abdomen.

Female.

Habitat, stem with bark peeled off to reveal eggsack .

Scotophaeus tubicola Schmidt, 1990

Range: Spain (Canary Islands) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Canary Is (Platnick 10.0).

Scotophaeus validus (Lucas, 1846)

Range: France (Corsica), France (Mainland), Greece (Dodecanese Islands), Italy (Mainland), Italy (Sardinia), Italy (Sicily), Romania, Spain (Balearic Islands), Spain (Mainland) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Southern Europe, Morocco, Algeria (Platnick 10.0).

Scotophaeus varius Simon, 1893

Range: Spain (Canary Islands) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Canary Is (Platnick 10.0).

Scotophaeus westringi Simon, 1914

Range: France (Mainland) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: France (Platnick 10.0).

Genus: Setaphis Simon, 1893

Setaphis algerica (Dalmas, 1922)

Range: Spain (Mainland) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Spain, Algeria (Platnick 10.0).

Setaphis canariensis (Simon, 1883)

Range: Portugal (Selvagens Islands), Spain (Canary Islands) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Canary Is (Platnick 10.0).

Setaphis carmeli (O. P.-Cambridge, 1872)

Range: Bulgaria, Croatia, France (Corsica), France (Mainland), Greece (Crete), Greece (Dodecanese Islands), Greece (Mainland), Italy (Mainland), Italy (Sardinia), Italy (Sicily), Macedonia, Portugal (Mainland), Spain (Balearic Islands), Spain (Mainland) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Mediterranean (Platnick 10.0).

Setaphis gomerae (Schmidt, 1981)

Range: Spain (Canary Islands) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Canary Is (Platnick 10.0).

Female.

Setaphis parvula (Lucas, 1846)

Range: France (Corsica), France (Mainland), Greece (Mainland), Portugal (Mainland), Spain (Balearic Islands), Spain (Canary Islands), Spain (Mainland) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Western Mediterranean (Platnick 10.0).

Setaphis walteri Platnick & Murphy, 1996

Range: Spain (Canary Islands) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Canary Is (Platnick 10.0).

Setaphis wunderlichi Platnick & Murphy, 1996

Range: Spain (Canary Islands) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Canary Is (Platnick 10.0).

Genus: Sidydrassus Esyunin & Tuneva, 2002

Sidydrassus shumakovi (Spassky, 1934)

Range: Russia (Eastern European), Russia (Southern European) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Russia, Kazakhstan (Platnick 10.0).

Genus: Sosticus Chamberlin, 1922

Sosticus loricatus (L. Koch, 1866)

Range: Austria, Belarus, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Estonia, Finland (introduced), France (Mainland), Germany, Greece (Dodecanese Islands), Greece (Mainland), Hungary, Italy (Mainland), Latvia, Lithuania, Macedonia, Poland, Romania, Russia (Central European), Russia (Eastern European), Russia (Northern European), Russia (NW. European), Russia (Southern European), Slovakia, Ukraine?, Yugoslavia (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Holarctic (Platnick 10.0).

Genus: Synaphosus Platnick & Shadab, 1980

Synaphosus palearcticus Ovtsharenko, Levy & Platnick, 1994

Range: Greece (Crete), Greece (Mainland), Russia (Eastern European) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Crete, Turkey to central Asia (Platnick 10.0).

Synaphosus sauvage Ovtsharenko, Levy & Platnick, 1994

Range: France (Mainland), Italy (Sicily), Portugal (Mainland), Switzerland (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Spain, France, Switzerland, Italy (Platnick 10.0).

Synaphosus trichopus (Roewer, 1928)

Range: Greece (Crete), Greece (Dodecanese Islands), Greece (Mainland) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Greece, Crete (Platnick 10.0).

Genus: Talanites Simon, 1893

Talanites fagei Spassky, 1938

Range: Russia (Southern European) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Russia, Central Asia (Platnick 10.0).

Talanites strandi Spassky, 1940

Range: Russia (Southern European), Ukraine (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Ukraine, Kazakhstan (Platnick 10.0).

Genus: Trachyzelotes Lohmander, 1944

Trachyzelotes adriaticus (Caporiacco, 1951)

Range: Croatia, Cyprus, Greece (Crete), Greece (Mainland), Italy (Mainland), Italy (Sicily), Russia (Eastern European), Russia (Southern European) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Italy to China (Platnick 10.0).

Female.

Trachyzelotes barbatus (L. Koch, 1866)

Range: Bulgaria, Croatia, France (Corsica), France (Mainland), Greece (Crete), Greece (Mainland), Italy (Mainland), Italy (Sicily), Malta, Portugal (Mainland), Romania, Russia (Central European), Russia (Southern European), Slovenia?, Spain (Balearic Islands), Spain (Mainland) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Mediterranean to Central Asia, USA (Platnick 10.0).

Trachyzelotes bardiae (Caporiacco, 1928)

Range: Italy (Sicily), Portugal (Mainland), Spain (Mainland) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Mediterranean (Platnick 10.0).

Trachyzelotes cumensis Ponomarev, 1981

Range: Russia (Southern European) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Ukraine, Russia, Mongolia (Platnick 10.0).

Trachyzelotes fuscipes (L. Koch, 1866)

Range: Croatia, France (Corsica), France (Mainland), Greece (Dodecanese Islands), Italy (Mainland), Italy (Sicily), Portugal (Mainland), Spain (Mainland) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Mediterranean, China (Platnick 10.0).

Trachyzelotes holosericeus (Simon, 1878)

Range: Croatia, France (Mainland), Greece (Mainland), Portugal (Madeira), Portugal (Mainland), Spain (Mainland) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Western Mediterranean (Platnick 10.0).

Male.

Trachyzelotes huberti Platnick & Murphy, 1984

Range: Italy (Mainland) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Algeria, Italy (Platnick 10.0).

Trachyzelotes jaxartensis (Kroneberg, 1875)

Range: Russia (Southern European) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Holarctic, Senegal, South Africa, Hawaii (Platnick 10.0).

Trachyzelotes kulczynskii (Bösenberg, 1902)

Range: Germany, Macedonia (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Macedonia, Japan, Caribbean, Colombia, Samoa (Platnick 10.0).

Trachyzelotes lyonneti (Audouin, 1826)

Range: Croatia, France (Mainland), Greece (Crete), Greece (North Aegean Islands), Italy (Mainland), Italy (Sicily), Portugal (Azores), Portugal (Madeira), Russia (Southern European), Spain (Canary Islands), Ukraine (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Mediterranean to Central Asia, USA, Brazil, Peru (Platnick 10.0).

Female.

Palp.

Male.

Trachyzelotes malkini Platnick & Murphy, 1984

Range: Bulgaria, Greece (Crete), Greece (Dodecanese Islands), Macedonia, Ukraine (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Crete, Turkey, Ukraine (Platnick 10.0).

Trachyzelotes mutabilis (Simon, 1878)

Range: France (Corsica), Italy (Mainland), Italy (Sicily), Portugal (Mainland), Romania, Spain (Mainland) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Mediterranean (Platnick 10.0).

Trachyzelotes pedestris (C. L. Koch, 1837)

Range: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, France (Mainland), Germany, Great Britain (Mainland), Greece (Dodecanese Islands), Greece (Mainland), Hungary, Italy (Mainland), Italy (Sicily), Latvia, Liechtenstein, Macedonia, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal (Mainland), Romania, Russia (Kaliningrad Region), Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain (Mainland), Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, Yugoslavia (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Europe to Azerbaijan (Platnick 10.0).

Male.

Female.

Genus: Urozelotes Mello-Leitão, 1938

Urozelotes mysticus Platnick & Murphy, 1984

Range: Italy (Sicily) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Italy (Platnick 10.0).

Urozelotes rusticus (L. Koch, 1872)

Range: Austria, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark (introduced), France (Corsica), France (Mainland), Germany, Great Britain (Mainland), Greece (Mainland), Italy (Mainland), Italy (Sicily), Macedonia, Portugal (Madeira), Portugal (Mainland), Portugal (Selvagens Islands), Romania, Russia (Central European), Russia (NW. European), Russia (Southern European), Spain (Canary Islands) (introduced), Spain (Mainland), Switzerland (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Cosmopolitan (Platnick 10.0).

Urozelotes trifidus Tuneva, 2003

Range: Russia (Eastern European) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Russia (Platnick 10.0).

Genus: Zelominor Snazell & Murphy, 1997

Zelominor algarvensis Snazell & Murphy, 1997

Range: Portugal (Mainland) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Portugal, Spain (Platnick 10.0).

Zelominor malagensis Snazell & Murphy, 1997

Range: Spain (Mainland) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Spain (Platnick 10.0).

Genus: Zelotes Gistel, 1848

Characters of genus: Brownish-black to black spiders without markings. Resemble dark species of Drassyllus. Posterior medial eyes are of about the the same size as the laterals. Posterior eyerow is straight, rarely procurved and eyes equidistant. The eye rows are short due to a narrow head region, the width of an eyerow less than one third of the width of the carapace at its widest point. The carapace is usually shiny and shinier than the abdomen. Some species of the genus have been moved to other genera probably because it used to be species rich with more than fifty species known from France. Several species are almost identical and needs microscopic examination of the genitialia to be separated with certainity. Some species may in some cases be identified by the markings on the legs.

Zelotes abditus (Menge, 1872) (Nomen dubium)

Range: Germany (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Germany (Platnick 10.0).

Zelotes aeneus (Simon, 1878)

Range: Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, France (Mainland), Germany, Hungary, Italy (Mainland), Italy (Sicily), Lithuania, Poland, Portugal (Azores), Portugal (Mainland), Romania, Slovakia, Spain (Mainland), Switzerland (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Europe (Platnick 10.0).

Palp and epigyne.

Male.

Zelotes aerosus Charitonov, 1946

Range: Greece (Crete) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Crete, Central Asia (Platnick 10.0).

Zelotes agilis (C. L. Koch, 1837) (Nomen dubium)

Range: Germany (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Germany (Platnick 10.0).

Zelotes apricorum (L. Koch, 1876)

Range: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia?, France (Mainland), Germany, Great Britain (Mainland), Greece (Mainland), Hungary, Ireland, Italy (Mainland), Italy (Sicily), Latvia?, Liechtenstein, Macedonia, Moldova, Poland, Romania, Russia (Central European), Russia (Eastern European), Russia (Northern European), Russia (NW. European), Russia (Southern European), Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain (Mainland), Switzerland, Ukraine, Yugoslavia (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Europe to Kazakhstan (Platnick 10.0).

Female, wet with dew.

Zelotes argoliensis (C. L. Koch, 1839)

Range: Greece (Mainland) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Greece (Platnick 10.0).

Zelotes ater (Latreille, 1806) (Nomen dubium)

Global range: Europe (Platnick 10.0).

Zelotes atrocaeruleus (Simon, 1878)

Range: Austria, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, France (Mainland), Germany, Hungary, Italy (Mainland), Italy (Sicily), Macedonia, Romania, Russia (Eastern European), Russia (Southern European), Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain (Mainland), Switzerland (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Palearctic (Platnick 10.0).

Zelotes aurantiacus Miller, 1967

Range: Austria, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Romania, Russia (Central European), Russia (Eastern European), Slovakia, Ukraine (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Central Europe to Russia (Platnick 10.0).

Zelotes azsheganovae Esyunin & Efimik, 1992

Range: Russia (Eastern European) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Russia, Kazakhstan (Platnick 10.0).

Zelotes balcanicus Deltshev, 2006

Range: Bulgaria, Greece (Mainland), Macedonia, Romania (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Bulgaria, Romania, Greece, Macedonia (Platnick 10.0).

Zelotes bimaculatus (C. L. Koch, 1837)

Range: Hungary, Italy (Mainland) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Italy, Hungary, Greece, Russia (Platnick 10.0).

Zelotes calactinus Di Franco, 1989

Range: Italy (Sicily) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Italy (Platnick 10.0).

Zelotes callidus (Simon, 1878)

Range: Bulgaria, France (Corsica), France (Mainland), Italy (Mainland), Italy (Sicily), Portugal (Mainland) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: France (Platnick 10.0).

Zelotes caprearum (Pavesi, 1875)

Range: Italy (Mainland) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Italy (Platnick 10.0).

Zelotes caucasius (L. Koch, 1866)

Range: Austria, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, France (Mainland), Greece (Crete), Greece (Dodecanese Islands), Greece (Mainland), Hungary, Italy (Mainland), Italy (Sicily), Macedonia, Portugal (Mainland), Romania, Russia (Eastern European), Russia (Southern European), Slovakia, Spain (Mainland), Ukraine, Yugoslavia (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Europe to Central Asia (Platnick 10.0).

Female.

Male.

Zelotes civicus (Simon, 1878)

Range: France (Mainland), Great Britain (Channel Islands), Italy (Mainland), Italy (Sicily), Liechtenstein, Portugal (Madeira), Portugal (Mainland), Slovenia, Spain (Mainland), Switzerland (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Europe (Platnick 10.0).

Zelotes clivicola (L. Koch, 1870)

Range: Austria, Belarus, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France (Mainland), Germany, Greece (Crete), Greece (Mainland), Hungary?, Italy (Mainland), Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Macedonia, Norway (Mainland), Poland, Romania, Russia (Central European), Russia (Eastern European), Russia (Northern European), Russia (NW. European), Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain (Mainland), Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, Yugoslavia (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Palearctic (Platnick 10.0).

Male.

Zelotes collinus (Kulczynski, 1898) (Nomen dubium)

Range: Austria (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Austria (Platnick 10.0).

Zelotes creticus (Kulczynski, 1903)

Range: Greece (Crete) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Crete (Platnick 10.0).

Zelotes criniger Denis, 1937

Range: Italy (Sicily) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Mediterranean (Platnick 10.0).

Zelotes cyanescens Simon, 1914

Range: France (Mainland), Italy (Mainland), Spain (Mainland) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: France (Platnick 10.0).

Zelotes daidalus Chatzaki, 2003

Range: Greece (Crete) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Crete (Platnick 10.0).

Zelotes denapes Platnick, 1993

Range: Italy (Mainland) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Italy (Platnick 10.0).

Zelotes denisi Marinaro, 1967

Range: Italy (Sicily), Portugal (Mainland) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Mediterranean (Platnick 10.0).

Zelotes dentatidens Simon, 1914

Range: France (Mainland), Italy (Mainland), Portugal (Mainland), Spain (Mainland) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Spain, France (Platnick 10.0).

Zelotes devotus Grimm, 1982

Range: Austria, France (Mainland), Italy (Mainland), Switzerland (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Europe (Platnick 10.0).

Zelotes egregius Simon, 1914

Range: Andorra, France (Mainland), Portugal (Mainland) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: France, Andorra, Italy, Sicily (Platnick 10.0).

Zelotes electus (C. L. Koch, 1839)

Description: Zelotes electus has stout legs compared to other Zelotes species and therefore appear robust. The species is also characterised by compactly grouped eyes, where the anterior medials are contiguous with the anterior laterals. The pigmentation of the legs aids in distinguishing the species in this genus as well as for a few closely related genera. Zelotes electus has femora brown but darkened apically, dark patella, dark tibia, brown or orange metatarsi and tarsi. Size: Female 4-5.5 mm; male 3.5-4.5 mm. Maturity: Spring and summer. Habitat: Locally common in coastal dunes with lichens and low vegetation sometimes also further inland. The spider is frquently seen running about in sunshine. Range: Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France (Mainland), Germany, Great Britain (Mainland), Great Britain (Northern Ireland), Greece (Dodecanese Islands)?, Greece (Mainland), Hungary, Ireland, Italy (Mainland), Italy (Sicily), Lithuania, Macedonia, Netherlands, Norway (Mainland), Poland, Romania, Russia (Central European), Russia (Eastern European), Russia (NW. European), Russia (Southern European), Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, Yugoslavia (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Europe to Central Asia (Platnick 10.0).

Female.

Zelotes erebeus (Thorell, 1871)

Range: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, France (Mainland), Germany, Greece (Mainland), Hungary, Italy (Mainland), Macedonia, Portugal (Mainland), Romania, Russia (Eastern European), Slovakia, Slovenia, Switzerland, Yugoslavia (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Europe to Georgia (Platnick 10.0).

Male.

Zelotes exiguus (Mller & Schenkel, 1895)

Range: Austria, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Finland, France (Mainland), Germany, Italy (Mainland), Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Russia (Eastern European), Slovakia, Sweden?, Switzerland, Ukraine, Yugoslavia (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Palearctic (Platnick 10.0).

Zelotes fallax Tuneva & Esyunin, 2003

Range: Russia (Eastern European) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Russia (Platnick 10.0).

Zelotes femellus (L. Koch, 1866)

Range: Croatia, France (Corsica), Greece (Mainland), Italy (Mainland), Italy (Sardinia), Italy (Sicily), Romania, Spain (Mainland), Ukraine (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Southern Europe (Platnick 10.0).

Zelotes flagellans (L. Koch, 1882)

Range: Portugal (Mainland), Spain (Balearic Islands) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Balearic Is (Platnick 10.0).

Zelotes flavimanus (C. L. Koch, 1839)

Range: Greece (Mainland) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Greece (Platnick 10.0).

Zelotes fulvaster (Simon, 1878)

Range: France (Corsica) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Corsica (Platnick 10.0).

Zelotes fulvopilosus (Simon, 1878)

Range: Andorra, France (Mainland), Portugal (Mainland), Romania, Spain (Balearic Islands), Spain (Mainland) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Spain, France, Balearic Is (Platnick 10.0).

Zelotes fuscorufus (Simon, 1878)

Range: France (Corsica), Italy (Mainland), Italy (Sardinia), Italy (Sicily), Spain (Mainland) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Corsica, Sardinia (Platnick 10.0).

Zelotes fuscotestaceus (Simon, 1878)

Range: France (Mainland), Italy (Mainland), Italy (Sicily), Malta (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: France, Morocco, Algeria (Platnick 10.0).

Zelotes fuscus (Thorell, 1875)

Range: Ukraine (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Ukraine (Platnick 10.0).

Zelotes gallicus Simon, 1914

Range: Belgium, Bulgaria, France (Mainland), Germany, Italy (Mainland), Russia (Eastern European), Spain (Mainland), Switzerland (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Europe, Russia (Platnick 10.0).

Zelotes gracilis (Canestrini, 1868)

Range: Austria, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Hungary, Italy (Mainland), Macedonia, Moldova, Romania, Russia (Southern European), Slovakia, Slovenia, Ukraine (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Europe, Russia (Platnick 10.0).

Zelotes graecus (L. Koch, 1867)

Range: Greece (Cyclades), Greece (Dodecanese Islands) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Greece (Platnick 10.0).

Zelotes hermani (Chyzer, 1897)

Range: Austria, Bulgaria, Croatia, Hungary, Italy (Mainland), Macedonia, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Switzerland, Ukraine, Yugoslavia (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Central Europe to Russia (Platnick 10.0).

Zelotes hirtus (Thorell, 1875)

Range: France (Mainland), Italy (Mainland) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: France (Platnick 10.0).

Zelotes ilotarum (Simon, 1884)

Range: Greece (Crete), Greece (Cyclades), Greece (Mainland) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Greece, Crete (Platnick 10.0).

Zelotes insulanus Dalmas, 1922

Range: Greece (Cyclades), Greece (Dodecanese Islands) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Italy (Platnick 10.0).

Zelotes khostensis Kovblyuk & Ponomarev, 2008

Global range: Russia (Platnick 10.0).

Zelotes kochi (Canestrini, 1868) (Nomen dubium)

Range: Italy (Mainland) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Italy (Platnick 10.0).

Zelotes kukushkini Kovblyuk, 2006

Range: Ukraine (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Ukraine (Platnick 10.0).

Zelotes laetus (O. P.-Cambridge, 1872)

Range: France (Mainland), Portugal (Mainland) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Mediterranean, USA, Mexico, Peru, Hawaii (Platnick 10.0).

Zelotes latreillei (Simon, 1878)

Description: Large, shiny black species. Except for orange operculae, the only non black parts are the tarsi which are brownish-grey. Size: Female 7-8 mm; male 4.5-7.5 mm. Maturity: Spring and summer. Habitat: In a variety of dry situations, such as dunes, sandy foreland and open forest on sandy soil. Range: Andorra, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France (Mainland), Germany, Great Britain (Mainland), Hungary, Ireland, Italy (Mainland), Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Moldova, Netherlands, Norway (Mainland), Poland, Portugal (Mainland), Romania, Russia (Central European), Russia (Eastern European), Russia (Kaliningrad Region), Russia (Northern European), Russia (NW. European), Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain (Mainland), Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, Yugoslavia (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Palearctic (Platnick 10.0).

Female.

Zelotes longestylus Simon, 1914

Range: France (Mainland) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: France (Platnick 10.0).

Zelotes longipes (L. Koch, 1866)

Range: Andorra, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France (Mainland), Germany, Great Britain (Mainland), Greece (Mainland), Hungary, Italy (Mainland), Latvia, Lithuania, Macedonia, Netherlands, Norway (Mainland), Poland, Portugal (Azores), Portugal (Madeira), Portugal (Mainland), Portugal (Selvagens Islands), Romania, Russia (Central European), Russia (Eastern European), Russia (Southern European), Slovakia, Spain (Balearic Islands), Spain (Mainland), Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, Yugoslavia (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Palearctic (Platnick 10.0).

Female.

Eggsack.

Zelotes lugubris (O. P.-Cambridge, 1874) (Nomen dubium)

Range: Austria (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Austria (Platnick 10.0).

Zelotes maccaricus Di Franco, 1998

Range: Italy (Sicily) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Italy (Platnick 10.0).

Zelotes manius (Simon, 1878)

Range: France (Mainland), Italy (Mainland), Macedonia, Portugal (Mainland), Spain (Mainland) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Southern Europe (Platnick 10.0).

Zelotes manzae (Strand, 1908)

Range: Spain (Canary Islands) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Canary Is (Platnick 10.0).

Zelotes medianus Denis, 1935

Range: France (Corsica), France (Mainland), Portugal (Mainland) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: France (Platnick 10.0).

Zelotes messinai Di Franco, 1995

Range: Italy (Sicily) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Italy (Platnick 10.0).

Zelotes mikhailovi Marusik, 1995

Range: Russia (Eastern European) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Kazakhstan, Mongolia (Platnick 10.0).

Zelotes minous Chatzaki, 2003

Range: Greece (Crete), Greece (Dodecanese Islands) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Crete (Platnick 10.0).

Zelotes mundus (Kulczynski, 1897)

Range: Austria, France (Mainland), Hungary, Macedonia, Romania, Russia (Eastern European), Russia (Southern European), Slovakia (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Palearctic (Platnick 10.0).

Zelotes murcidus Simon, 1914

Range: France (Mainland) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: France (Platnick 10.0).

Zelotes nanus (Thorell, 1875) (Nomen dubium)

Range: Romania (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Romania (Platnick 10.0).

Zelotes nilicola (O. P.-Cambridge, 1874)

Range: Cyprus, France (Corsica), France (Mainland), Greece (Crete), Greece (Mainland), Italy (Mainland), Italy (Sicily), Malta, Spain (Canary Islands), Spain (Mainland) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Mediterranean, Canary Is, USA (Platnick 10.0).

Zelotes nitidus (Thorell, 1875)

Range: Ukraine (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Ukraine (Platnick 10.0).

Zelotes oblongus (C. L. Koch, 1833)

Range: Austria, Bulgaria, Croatia, France (Mainland), Germany, Greece (Crete), Greece (Mainland), Italy (Mainland), Macedonia, Romania, Switzerland, Yugoslavia (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Europe (Platnick 10.0).

Zelotes occultus Tuneva & Esyunin, 2003

Range: Russia (Eastern European) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Russia (Platnick 10.0).

Zelotes olympi (Kulczynski, 1903)

Range: Bulgaria?, Greece (Mainland), Ukraine (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Turkey, Ukraine (Platnick 10.0).

Zelotes orenburgensis Tuneva & Esyunin, 2003

Range: Russia (Eastern European), Ukraine (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Russia, Ukraine (Platnick 10.0).

Zelotes pallipes (C. L. Koch, 1836) (Nomen dubium)

Range: Germany (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Germany (Platnick 10.0).

Zelotes paroculus Simon, 1914

Range: France (Mainland), Italy (Mainland) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: France, Italy (Platnick 10.0).

Zelotes petiverii (Scopoli, 1763) (Nomen dubium)

Global range: Europe (Platnick 10.0).

Zelotes petrensis (C. L. Koch, 1839)

Description: Almost identical to Z. latreillei but slightly smaller. The two species are only separated by examinating the genitilia using a microscope. Size: Female 6-7 mm; male 5-6 mm. Maturity: Spring and summer. Habitat: Heather and sandy pine forests. Less coastal in distribution than Z. latreillei. Range: Andorra, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France (Mainland), Germany, Great Britain (Mainland), Hungary, Italy (Mainland), Italy (Sicily), Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Macedonia, Netherlands, Norway (Mainland), Poland, Romania, Russia (Central European), Russia (Eastern European), Russia (Northern European), Russia (NW. European), Russia (Southern European), Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain (Mainland), Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, Yugoslavia (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Europe to Central Asia (Platnick 10.0).

Female.

Male.

Zelotes plumiger (L. Koch, 1882)

Range: Spain (Balearic Islands) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Balearic Is (Platnick 10.0).

Zelotes pluridentatus Marinaro, 1967

Range: Italy (Sicily) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Algeria (Platnick 10.0).

Zelotes potanini Schenkel, 1963

Range: Russia (Eastern European) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Russia, Kazakhstan, China, Korea, Japan (Platnick 10.0).

Zelotes prognathus (Canestrini, 1876) (Nomen dubium)

Global range: Europe (Platnick 10.0).

Zelotes pseudogallicus Ponomarev, 2007

Range: Russia (Southern European) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Russia (Platnick 10.0).

Zelotes puritanus Chamberlin, 1922

Range: Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Liechtenstein, Norway (Mainland), Poland, Russia (Eastern European), Russia (Southern European), Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Holarctic (Platnick 10.0).

Zelotes pygmaeus Miller, 1943

Range: Austria, Czech Republic, Hungary, Italy (Mainland), Macedonia, Poland, Romania, Russia (Eastern European), Slovakia, Ukraine (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Europe to Kazakhstan (Platnick 10.0).

Zelotes pyrenaeus Di Franco & Blick, 2003

Range: France (Mainland) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: France (Platnick 10.0).

Zelotes reimoseri Roewer, 1951

Range: France (Mainland) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: France (Platnick 10.0).

Zelotes rufi Esyunin & Efimik, 1997

Range: Russia (Eastern European) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Russia (Platnick 10.0).

Zelotes rufipes (Thorell, 1875)

Range: Ukraine (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Ukraine (Platnick 10.0).

Zelotes ruscinensis Simon, 1914

Range: France (Corsica), France (Mainland), Italy (Mainland), Italy (Sardinia), Portugal (Mainland), Spain (Mainland) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Spain, France, Italy, Morocco (Platnick 10.0).

Zelotes sardus (Canestrini, 1873)

Range: France (Corsica), France (Mainland), Italy (Mainland), Italy (Sardinia) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: France, Italy (Platnick 10.0).

Zelotes schmitzi (Kulczynski, 1899)

Range: Portugal (Madeira), Spain (Canary Islands), Spain (Mainland) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Spain, Madeira, Canary Is, USA (Platnick 10.0).

Zelotes scrutatus Levy, 1998

Range: Greece (Crete), Greece (Mainland), Spain (Canary Islands) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Israel (Platnick 10.0).

Zelotes segrex (Simon, 1878)

Range: Austria, Czech Republic, France (Mainland), Greece (Crete), Greece (Dodecanese Islands), Greece (Mainland), Greece (North Aegean Islands), Hungary, Italy (Sicily), Portugal (Mainland), Romania, Russia (Eastern European), Russia (Southern European), Slovakia, Spain (Mainland), Ukraine (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Palearctic (Platnick 10.0).

Female.

Zelotes semirufus (L. Koch, 1882)

Range: Italy (Mainland), Portugal (Mainland), Spain (Balearic Islands) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Minorca, Italy (Platnick 10.0).

Zelotes siculus (Simon, 1878)

Range: Italy (Sicily) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Sicily (Platnick 10.0).

Zelotes similis (Kulczynski, 1887)

Range: Austria, Bulgaria, Croatia, Germany, Greece (Mainland), Hungary, Italy (Mainland), Liechtenstein, Romania, Switzerland, Yugoslavia (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Europe (Platnick 10.0).

Zelotes similis hungaricus Kolosvry & Loksa, 1944

Range: Greece (Mainland), Hungary (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Hungary (Platnick 10.0).

Zelotes solstitialis Levy, 1998

Range: Greece (Crete), Greece (Dodecanese Islands), Greece (Mainland) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Bulgaria, Turkey, Crete, Israel (Platnick 10.0).

Zelotes spadix (L. Koch, 1866)

Range: Portugal (Mainland), Spain (Mainland) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Spain, North Africa (Platnick 10.0).

Zelotes subterraneus (C. L. Koch, 1833)

Description: Very similar to Z. latreillei, but is on the average, slightly larger. Microscopic examination is needed for proper species identification. Size: Female 6.5-9 mm; male 5-6 mm. Maturity: Spring and summer. Habitat: Dry places with low vegetation and open forests. Range: Andorra, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France (Mainland), Germany, Great Britain (Mainland), Greece (Crete), Greece (Dodecanese Islands), Greece (Mainland), Hungary, Italy (Mainland), Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Macedonia, Netherlands, Norway (Mainland), Poland, Portugal (Mainland), Romania, Russia (Central European), Russia (Eastern European), Russia (Northern European), Russia (NW. European), Russia (Southern European), Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain (Mainland), Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, Yugoslavia (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Palearctic (Platnick 10.0).

Female.

Male.

Female.

Male.

Male, all leg segments dark (tarsi and metatarsi slightly lighter).

Zelotes talpinus (L. Koch, 1872)

Range: Austria, Bulgaria, France (Mainland), Germany, Greece (Mainland), Italy (Mainland), Liechtenstein, Macedonia, Slovenia?, Switzerland (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Europe (Platnick 10.0).

Zelotes teidei Schmidt, 1968

Range: Spain (Canary Islands) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Canary Is (Platnick 10.0).

Zelotes tenuis (L. Koch, 1866)

Range: Austria, Bulgaria, Croatia, France (Corsica), France (Mainland), Greece (Crete), Greece (Dodecanese Islands), Greece (Mainland), Italy (Mainland), Italy (Sicily), Macedonia, Malta, Portugal (Azores), Portugal (Mainland), Romania, Spain (Canary Islands), Spain (Mainland), Switzerland, Ukraine (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Mediterranean to Ukraine, USA (Platnick 10.0).

Palp and epigyne.

Zelotes thorelli Simon, 1914

Range: France (Mainland), Greece (Mainland)?, Portugal (Mainland), Spain (Mainland) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Southern Europe (Platnick 10.0).

Zelotes tristis (Thorell, 1871)

Range: Sweden (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Sweden (Platnick 10.0).

Zelotes varius (C. L. Koch, 1836) (Nomen dubium)

Range: Germany (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Germany (Platnick 10.0).

Zelotes vespertinus (Thorell, 1875)

Range: Bulgaria, France (Mainland), Italy (Mainland), Macedonia (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: France, Italy, Bulgaria, Macedonia (Platnick 10.0).

Zelotes villicoides Giltay, 1932

Range: Greece (Mainland) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Greece (Platnick 10.0).

Zelotes zellensis Grimm, 1982

Range: Austria, Bulgaria, Germany (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Germany, Austria (Platnick 10.0).