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| Family: Dysderidae (Woodlouse Spiders) |
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| Characters of family: Six-eyed spiders with the eyes arranged in an oval ring. They are haplogyne without epigynes and the male palpal organs are relatively simple. The legs are stout, without much hair and usually with few or none spines. |
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| This family is represented in Europe with 312 species in 21 genera (van Helsdingen, 2009; Platnick, 2009). European genera (number of species in parenthesis): Dasumia (10), Dysdera (156), Dysderocrates (5), Folkia (7), Harpactea (76), Harpactocrates (11), Holissus (1), Hygrocrates (1), Kaemis (3), Mesostalita (3), Minotauria (2), Parachtes (12), Parastalita (1), Rhode (8), Rhodera (1), Sardostalita (1), Schaenobates (1), Speleoharpactea (1), Stalagtia (6), Stalita (5), Stalitella (1). |
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| Genus: Dysdera Latreille, 1804 |
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| Characters of genus: The chelicerae are long and projects forward considerably. They seem well adapted to defeat woodlice. |
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| There are 156 European species (van Helsdingen, 2009; Platnick, 2009): Dysdera aculeata, D. adriatica, D. affinis, D. alegranzaensis, D. alentejana, D. ambulotenta, D. ancora, D. andamanae, D. andreini, D. apenninica, D. apenninica aprutiana, D. argaeica, D. arganoi, D. aurgitana, D. baetica, D. bandamae, D. baratellii, D. beieri, D. bellimundi, D. bicornis, D. bottazziae, D. breviseta, D. brevispina, D. brignoliana, D. calderensis, D. castillonensis, D. centroitalica, D. cephalonica, D. chioensis, D. circularis, D. coiffaiti, D. corfuensis, D. cribellata, D. cribrata, D. crocata, D. curviseta, D. diversa, D. dubrovninnii, D. dunini, D. edumifera, D. enghoffi, D. enguriensis, D. erythrina, D. erythrina fervida, D. erythrina lantosquensis, D. erythrina provincialis, D. espanoli, D. esquiveli, D. falciformis, D. festai, D. flagellata, D. flagellifera, D. flagellifera aeoliensis, D. flavitarsis, D. fragaria, D. fuscipes, D. fustigans, D. gamarrae, D. gibbifera, D. gigas, D. gollumi, D. gomerensis, D. granulata, D. guayota, D. halkidikii, D. helenae, D. hernandezi, D. hiemalis, D. hirguan, D. hungarica, D. iguanensis, D. inermis, D. insulana, D. kollari, D. kulczynskii, D. labradaensis, D. lagrecai, D. lancerotensis, D. lata, D. laterispina, D. levipes, D. ligustica, D. limnos, D. liostetha, D. longa, D. longibulbis, D. longimandibularis, D. longirostris, D. lusitanica, D. machadoi, D. macra, D. madai, D. maurusia, D. minuta, D. minutissima, D. montanetensis, D. monterossoi, D. mordax, D. mucronata, D. murphiorum, D. neocretica, D. nesiotes, D. nicaeensis, D. ninnii, D. nubila, D. orahan, D. ortunoi, D. osellai, D. paganettii, D. pandazisi, D. paucispinosa, D. pavani, D. pectinata, D. pominii, D. portisancti, D. presai, D. pretneri, D. pristiphora, D. punctata, D. punctocretica, D. ramblae, D. ratonensis, D. richteri, D. romana, D. romantica, D. rubus, D. rudis, D. rugichelis, D. rullii, D. sanborondon, D. scalaris (nomen dubium), D. sciakyi, D. sibyllina, D. sibyllinica, D. silana, D. silvatica, D. spinicrus, D. spinidorsa, D. subnubila, D. subsquarrosa, D. sultani, D. taurica, D. tilosensis, D. ukrainensis, D. unguimmanis, D. valentina, D. vandeli, D. veigai, D. ventricosa, D. verneaui, D. vivesi, D. volcania, D. werneri, D. westringi, D. yguanirae. |
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| Dysdera erythrina (Walckenaer, 1802) |
| Description: Chelicerae almost half the length of the cephalothorax. This is a character separating it from the somewhat larger and stouter D. crocota which have chelicerae lengths more than half the length of the cephalothorax. Size: Female 9-10 mm; male 7-8 mm. Habitat: Warm, damp and semidamp places, sites also preferred by woodlice. Range: Andorra, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, France (Corsica), France (Mainland), Germany, Great Britain (Channel Islands), Great Britain (Mainland), Great Britain (Northern Ireland), Greece (Mainland), Hungary, Ireland, Italy (Mainland), Italy (Sicily), Liechtenstein, Luxemburg, Macedonia, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal (Mainland), Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia?, Spain (Balearic Islands), Spain (Mainland), Switzerland, Ukraine, Yugoslavia (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Europe to Georgia (Platnick 10.0). |
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 Male, note that there are no dorsal spines on femur IV. |
 Male palp. |
 Male. |
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 Male, chelicers. |
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| Dysdera gibbifera Wunderlich, 1992 |
| Range: Spain (Canary Islands) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Canary Is (Platnick 10.0). |
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 Female. |
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| Dysdera levipes Wunderlich, 1987 |
| Range: Spain (Canary Islands) (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Canary Is (Platnick 10.0). |
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 Male. |
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| Dysdera ninnii Canestrini, 1868 |
| Range: Austria, Bosnia/Herzegowina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, France (Corsica), France (Mainland), Germany, Greece (Crete), Greece (Dodecanese Islands), Greece (Mainland), Hungary, Italy (Mainland), Macedonia, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Switzerland, Ukraine, Yugoslavia (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Central, Southern Europe to Ukraine (Platnick 10.0). |
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 Female. |
 Female. |
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 Female. |
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| Genus: Harpactea Bristowe, 1939 |
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| Characters of genus: The nocturnal species of this genus is characterised by small chelicerea as opposed to . |
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| There are 76 European species (van Helsdingen, 2009; Platnick, 2009): Harpactea abantia, H. aeoliensis, H. aeruginosa, H. albanica, H. alexandrae, H. algarvensis, H. alicatai, H. apollinea, H. arguta, H. asparuhi, H. azowensis, H. babori, H. blasi, H. camenarum, H. carusoi, H. catholica, H. cecconii, H. coccifera, H. cognata (nomen dubium), H. corinthia, H. corticalis, H. cressa, H. deltshevi, H. doblikae, H. dufouri, H. fageli, H. gaditana, H. gennargentu, H. gridellii, H. grisea, H. hauseri, H. haymozi, H. heliconia, H. henschi, H. hispana, H. hombergi, H. incerta, H. johannitica, H. krueperi, H. kubrati, H. kulczynskii, H. lehoni (nomen dubium), H. lepida, H. loebli, H. longobarda, H. magnibulbi, H. minoccii, H. muscicola, H. nausicaae, H. nuragica, H. oglasana, H. ortegai, H. parvula (nomen dubium), H. piligera, H. proxima, H. rubicunda, H. rucnerorum, H. saeva, H. samuili, H. sanctidomini, H. sardoa, H. sciakyi, H. serena, H. sicula, H. spasskyi, H. srednagora, H. stalitoides, H. strandi, H. strandjica, H. strinatii, H. sturanyi, H. subiasi, H. thaleri, H. villehardouini, H. zannonensis, H. zoiai. |
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| Harpactea hombergi (Scopoli, 1763) |
| Description: Females with elongate slim abdomen. Males even slimmer with long tubular abdomen. Head rather glossy and dark, abdomen greyish brown. Legs yellow but with parts of femora, tibia and metatarsi darkened. Size: Female 6-7 mm; male 5-6 mm. Maturity: All year? Habitat: Under bark, stones, dead wood and roots, sometimes between dried leaves in grrass tussucks etc. Range: Andorra, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, France (Mainland), Germany, Great Britain (Channel Islands), Great Britain (Mainland), Great Britain (Northern Ireland), Hungary, Ireland, Italy (Mainland), Italy (Sicily), Liechtenstein, Luxemburg, Moldova, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal (Mainland), Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain (Balearic Islands), Spain (Mainland), Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, Yugoslavia (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Europe to Ukraine (Platnick 10.0). |
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 Male. |
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| Harpactea rubicunda (C. L. Koch, 1838) |
| Description: Similar in appearance to Dysdera species but has much less prominent chelicerea. The number of spines on femur IV (8-10) is also higher than found within Dysdera (1-3). These spines are just visible on the picture below. Size: Female 8-12 mm; male 7-8 mm. Maturity: Spring and early summer? Habitat: Under stones and other objects in dry and sunny places such as wasteland. Range: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Germany, Great Britain (Mainland), Greece (Mainland), Hungary, Lithuania, Moldova, Poland, Romania, Russia (Southern European), Slovakia, Spain (Mainland)?, Switzerland, Ukraine, Yugoslavia (van Helsdingen 2009.1). Global range: Europe to Georgia (Platnick 10.0). |
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 Juvenile. |
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 Female abdomen. |
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 Female, eyes. |
 Female, venter. |
 Female mouthparts. |
 Female, characteristic dorsal spines on femur IV. |